Abstract
Experiments show that deflections of microcantilever-DNA chip can be induced by many factors, such as grafting density, hybridization efficiency, concentration, length and sequence of DNA molecules, buffer salt concentration, time, and temperature variation. However, there are few theoretical works on microcantilever-DNA chips. The present paper is aimed to study the influence of counterion effects of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) polyelectrolyte solution on the nanomechanical behaviors of microcantilever-based ssDNA chips during packing process. First, the effect of osmotic pressure induced by ingress of counterions into DNA brush structures is studied with Hagan’s model for a cylindrical polyelectrolyte brush system on the basis of Poisson-Boltzmann distribution hypothesis. Second, Zhang’s two-variable method for a laminated cantilever is used to formulate a four-layer energy model for ssDNA chips with weak interactions. Third, the influence of grafting density, ssDNA chain length, and salt concentration on packing deflection is investigated using the principle of minimum energy. The predictive tendency is qualitatively similar to those observed in some related ssDNA chip experiments. The difference between the four-layer model and the simplified two-layer model for ssDNA chips is also discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alvarez M, Carrascosa LG, Moreno M, Calle A, Zaballos AL, Lechuga M, Martinez AC, Tamayo J (2004) Nanomechanics of the formation of DNA self-assembled monolayers and hybridization on microcantilevers. Langmuir 20: 9663–9668
Begley MR, Utz M, Komaragiri U (2005) Chemo-mechanical interactions between adsorbed molecules and thin elastic films. J Mech Phys Solids 53: 2119–2140
Carrascosa LG, Moreno M, Alvarez M (2006) Nanomechanical biosensors: a new sensing tool. Trends Anal Chem 25: 196–206
Daoud M, Cotton JP (1982) Star shaped polymers: a model for the conformation and its concentration dependence. J Physique 43: 531–538
Finot E, Passian A, Thundat T (2008) Measurement of mechanical properties of cantilever shaped materials. Sensors 8: 3497–3541
Fritz J (2008) Cantilever biosensors. Analyst 133: 855–863
Fritz J, Ballar MK, Lang HP, Rothuizen H, Vettiger P, Meyer E, Guntherodt HJ, Gerber Ch, Gimzewski JK (2000) Translating biomolecular recognition into nanomechanics. Science 288: 316–318
Hagan MF, Majumdar A, Chakraborty AK (2002) Nanomechanical forces generated by surface grafted DNA. J Phys Chem B 106: 10163–10173
Hansen KM, Thundat T (2005) Microcantilever biosensors. Methods 37: 57–64
Hariharan R, Biver C, Mays J, Russel WB (1998) Ionic strength and curvature effects in flat and highly curved polyelectrolyte brushes. Macromolecules 31: 7506–7513
Hariharan R, Biver C, Russel WB (1998) Ionic strength effects in polyelectrolyte brushes: the counterion correction. Macromolecules 31: 7514–7518
Jeon S, Jung N, Thundat T (2007) Nanomechanics of a self-assembled monolayer on microcantilever sensors measured by a multiple-point deflection technique. Sens Actuators B 122: 365–368
Liu F, Zhang Y, Ou-Yang ZC (2003) Flexoelectric origin of nanomechanic deflection in DNA-microcantilever system. Biosens Bioelectron 18: 655–660
McKendry R, Zhang JY, Arntz Y, Strunz T, Hegner M, Lang HP, Baller MK, Certa U, Meyer E, Guntherodt H-J, Gerber Ch (2002) Multiple label-free biodetection and quantitative DNA-binding assays on a nanomechanical cantilever array. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 9783–9788
Stachowiak JC, Yue M, Castelino K, Chakraborty A, Majumdar A (2006) Chemomechanics of surface stresses induced by DNA hybridization. Langmuir 22: 263–268
Strey HH, Parsegian VA, Podgornik R (1997) Equation of state for DNA liquid crystals: fluctuation enhanced electrostatic double layer repulsion. Phys Rev Lett 78: 895–898
Strey HH, Parsegian VA, Podgornik R (1999) Equation of state for polymer liquid crystals: theory and experiment. Phys Rev E 59: 999–1008
Wu GH, Ji HF, Hansen KM, Thundat T, Datar R, Cote R, Hagan MF, Chakraborty AK, Majumdar A (2001) Origin of nanomechanical cantilever motion generated from biomolecular interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 1560–1564
Yue M, Lin H, Dedrick DE, Satyanarayana S, Majumdar A, Bedekar AS, Jenkins JW, Sundaram S (2004) A 2-D microcantilever array for multiplexed biomolecular analysis. J Microelectromech Syst 13: 290–299
Zhang NH (2007) Thermoelastic stresses in multilayered beams. Thin Solid Films 515: 8402–8406
Zhang NH, Chen JZ (2008) An alternative two-variable model for bending problems of multilayered beams. ASME J Appl Mech 75: 044503
Zhang NH, Chen JZ (2009) Mechanical properties of double-stranded DNA biolayers immobilized on microcantilever under axial compression. J Biomech 42(10): 1483–1487
Zhang NH, Chen JZ (2009) Elastic bending analysis of bilayered beams by an alternative two-variable method. Euro J Mech A/Solids 28: 284–288
Zhang NH, Chen JZ (2010) An alternative model for elastic thermal stresses in two materials joined by a graded layer. Composites B 41(5): 375–379
Zhang NH, Chen JZ, Wan SX (2009) A model for the hybridization exothermic effect in label-free biodetections by a nanomechanical cantilever-DNA chip. Int J Thermophys 30(2): 648–660
Zhang NH, Shan JY (2008) An energy model for nanomechanical deflection of cantilever-DNA chip. J Mech Phys Soilds 56(6): 2328–2337
Zhang NH, Shan JY, Xing JJ (2007) Piezoelectric properties of single-strand DNA molecular brush biolayers. Acta Mech Sol Sin 20(3): 206–210
Zhang NH, Xing JJ (2006) An alternative model for elastic bending deformation of multilayered beams. J Appl Phys 100: 103519
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, N.H., Shan, J.Y. Nanomechanical behaviors of microcantilever-based single-stranded DNA chips induced by counterion osmotic effects. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 10, 229–234 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-010-0229-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-010-0229-3