Abstract
Floor water hazards pose an increasingly prominent risk in China as coal mining depths progressively increase. Two general models of complete and structural floor water inrush that consider the coupled effect of mining stress and water pressure were developed to address the problems caused by highly confined aquifers under these complex stress conditions. We developed an integrated floor water inrush model, and the floor rock mass was rezoned based on the deformation, failure characteristics, and water inrush mechanism of water-resistant floor strata under the combined action of confined water pressure and mine pressure. The formation of the coupled solid–fluid confined water uplift zone was studied from the perspective of fracture propagation. A formulation was obtained that describes the confined floor water under the coupled effects of mine pressure, water pressure, and solid–fluid interaction. An inrush risk prediction is proposed that considers the relationship between the confined water pressure and horizontal principal stress in the bottom plate’s pressure relief zone.
Resumen
Los riesgos del agua del suelo de mina son crecientes en China a medida que aumentan progresivamente las profundidades de las minas de carbón. Se desarrollaron dos modelos generales de irrupción de agua en el suelo que consideran el efecto acoplado de la tensión minera y la presión del agua para abordar los problemas causados por los acuíferos altamente confinados bajo estas complejas condiciones de tensión. Desarrollamos un modelo integrado de irrupción de agua en el suelo y el macizo rocoso del suelo se dividió en zonas basándose en la deformación, las características de fallo y el mecanismo de irrupción de agua de los estratos del suelo resistentes al agua bajo la acción combinada de la presión del agua confinada y la presión de la mina. Se estudió la formación de la zona de levantamiento de agua confinada acoplada sólido-fluido desde la perspectiva de la propagación de la fractura. Se obtuvo una formulación que describe el agua confinada del suelo bajo los efectos acoplados de la presión de la mina, la presión del agua y la interacción sólido-fluido. Se propone una predicción del riesgo de irrupción que considera la relación entre la presión del agua confinada y la tensión principal horizontal en la zona de alivio de presión de la placa de fondo.
抽象的
在中国, 随着煤炭开采深度增加, 底板水害风险日益增大。考虑采动围岩压力与底板水压耦合作用, 建立了完整底板突水和构造底板突水两种突水模型, 以解决复杂应力条件下高承压含水层底板突水问题。建立了综合底板突水模型; 基于承受水压和矿压共同作用下底板阻水岩层的变形规律、破坏特征和突水机, 进行了底板岩体重新分区。从裂缝扩展角度, 研究了固-液耦合承压上升区的形成。研究得出了描述底板承压水受矿压、水压与固-液作用耦合影响的公式, 提出了一种考虑底板卸压区承受水压与水平主应力关系的突水危险性预测方法。
Zusammenfassung
Die Gefahr von Sohlwassereinbrüchen stellt in China, mit zunehmender Teufe des Kohlebergbaus, ein immer größeres Risiko dar. Zwei allgemeine Modelle des vollständigen und strukturellen Sohlwassereinbruchs, die den gekoppelten Effekt von Überlagerungs- und Wasserdruck berücksichtigen, wurden entwickelt, um die Probleme in den Griff zu bekommen, die durch stark gespannte Grundwässer unter den komplexen Spannungsbedingungen verursacht werden. Ein integriertes Modell für den Sohlwassereinbruch wurde entwickelt, und das Liegend wurde auf der Grundlage der Verformung, der Versagensmerkmale und des Wassereinbruchmechanismus wasserbeständiger Bodenschichten unter der kombinierten Wirkung von gespanntem Wasser und Überlagerungsdruck neu klassifiziert. Die Bildung der gekoppelten Feststoff-Fluid-Auftriebszone wurde aus der Perspektive der Bruchausbreitung untersucht. Es wurde ein Ansatz gefunden, der das eingeschlossene Sohlwasser unter den gekoppelten Auswirkungen von Überlagerungsdruck, Wasserdruck und Feststoff-Fluid-Wechselwirkung beschreibt. Eine Einbruchsrisikoprognose, die die Beziehung zwischen dem Druck des gespannten Wassers und der horizontalen Hauptspannung in der Druckentlastungszone der Sohle berücksichtigt, wird vorgeschlagen.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Esther Posner, PhD, from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Editing China (http://www.liwenbianji.cn/ac), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.
Funding
Funding was provided by China’s National Natural Science Fund (Grant no. 51874177).
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Zhang, Y., Li, F. Prediction of Water Inrush from Coal Seam Floors Based on the Effective Barrier Thickness. Mine Water Environ 41, 168–175 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-022-00846-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-022-00846-x