Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of water–sediment inrush during coal mining, the characteristics of water–sediment flow in rock fractures were quantitatively analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the two-phase flow theory, a resistance model of water–sediment flow in fractures was established and verified by a laboratory-scale test. The results showed that: (1) With increases sediment particle diameter, volume fraction, and initial water phase velocity, the resistance of sediment particles grows gradually. (2) The drag force of sediment particles is mainly generated from the collision of the water phase and fracture wall. The velocity distribution of sediment particles can be divided into three stages, i.e., continuous increase, rapid decrease, and slow fluctuation. (3) The numerical model was shown to have high predictive accuracy by comparison with the test results. The model’s predictive accuracy decreases with increased water phase velocity and decreases of the sediment particle diameter and volume fraction. (4) The smaller the fracture width, the larger the inclination and bending angles, and the greater the resistance of the two-phase flow in the fracture. Collisions between the particles and fracture wall cause velocity attenuation of the sediment particles. We propose water–sediment inrush prevention and control technology based on the numerical analysis results.
摘要
采动覆岩裂隙水-沙两相流灾变机理为研究开采条件下水沙突涌灾变机理,采用计算流体力学方法(CFD)定量分析了裂隙岩体水―沙两相流运移特征。基于液-固两相流理论建立采动裂隙岩体水-沙两相流阻力模型,并得到了室内试验验证。研究表明:(1)沙粒粒径、体积分数和初始流速越大,沙粒的流动阻力越大;(2)沙粒曳力主要来自液相与裂隙壁面碰撞;沙粒速度变化可分为三个阶段,即持续增大、快速减小和缓慢波动;(3)与试验结果对比,数值模型具有较高预测精度;预测精度随液相流速增大、沙粒粒径和体积分数减小而降低;(4)裂隙开度越小、倾角及弯曲程度越大,裂隙内两相流阻力越大。沙粒与裂隙壁面的碰撞是沙粒速度衰减的原因。基于数值分析结果,初步提出了水-沙突涌防治技术。
Zusammenfassung
Zur Erforschung der Vorgänge bei einem Wasser-Sediment-Einbruch in ei-nen Kohlebergbau wurden die Charakteristika der Wasser-Sediment-Strö-mung in Felsklüften quantitativ analysiert. Dazu wurde die numerische Strö¬mungs¬mechanik (CFD) genutzt. Basierend auf der Theorie der Zwei-phasen¬strömung wurde ein Wider¬stands¬modell für die Wasser-Sediment-Strömung in Klüf¬ten auf¬gebaut und verifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass
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1.
mit steigendem Sedimentpartikeldurchmesser, steigendem Men-gen¬anteil und steigender Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Wasser-pha¬se der Widerstand der Sedimentpartikel allmählich ansteigt.
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2.
die Schleppkraft der Sedimentpartikel hauptsächlich bei der Kol-li¬sion der Wasserphase mit den Kluftwänden generiert wird. Der zeit¬liche Ver¬lauf der Ge¬schwindig¬keitsverteilung der Sediment-par¬ti¬kel kann in drei Sta¬dien unterteilt werden: kontinuierlicher An¬stieg, schnel¬les Ab¬sin¬ken und langsame Fluktuation.
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3.
das numerische Modell eine hohe Vorhersagegenauigkeit hat. Da-bei dienten reale Testergebnisse als Referenz. Die Vor¬her¬sage-genau¬ig¬keit des Modells verringert sich mit steigender Ge¬schwin-digkeit der Wasserphase sowie mit geringer werdendem Sedi-ment¬par¬tikel¬durchmesser und -massenanteil.
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4.
mit geringerer Breite der Klüfte sowie größerem Neigungs- und Beuge¬winkel der Widerstand der Zweiphasenströmung in der Kluft zu¬nimmt. Kollisionen zwischen den Partikeln und der Kluft-wand füh¬ren zu einer Geschwindigkeitsverringerung der Sedi-ment¬par¬ti¬kel. Zur Prävention von Wasser-Sedi¬ment-Ein¬brüchen werden Maßnahmen sowie Regelungs¬technik auf der Grundlage der Er¬geb¬nisse der nu¬me¬rischen Analyse vorgeschlagen.
Resumen
Para investigar el mecanismo de la irrupción de sedimentos y agua durante la extracción de carbón, las características del flujo de sedimentos de agua en las fracturas de rocas se analizaron cuantitativamente mediante dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD). Basado en la teoría del flujo de dos fases, se estableció y verificó un modelo de resistencia del flujo de sedimentos y agua en fracturas. Los resultados mostraron que: (1) Con el aumento del diámetro de las partículas de sedimento, la fracción de volumen y la velocidad inicial de la fase de agua, la resistencia de las partículas de sedimento crece gradualmente. (2) La fuerza de arrastre de las partículas de sedimento se genera principalmente a partir de la colisión de la fase acuosa y la pared de fractura. La distribución de velocidad de las partículas de sedimento se puede dividir en tres etapas, es decir, aumento continuo, disminución rápida y fluctuación lenta. (3) Se demostró que el modelo numérico tiene una alta precisión predictiva en comparación con los resultados de la prueba. La precisión predictiva del modelo disminuye al aumentar la velocidad de la fase de agua y las disminuciones del diámetro de las partículas de sedimento y de la fracción de volumen. (4) Cuanto más pequeño es el ancho de la fractura, mayor es la inclinación y los ángulos de flexión y mayor es la resistencia del flujo de dos fases en la fractura. Las colisiones entre las partículas y la pared de fractura causan la atenuación de la velocidad de las partículas de sedimento. Proponemos una tecnología de prevención y control de irrupción de sedimentos de agua basada en los resultados del análisis numérico.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41977238 and 51804339), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship by CAST (YESS20190175), the Special Fund for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan (2019RS2007), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019T120715 and 2018M640760), the Open Project Fund for State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province (MDPC201901) and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities of CSU (2019zzts675).
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Ma, D., Duan, H., Liu, W. et al. Water–Sediment Two-Phase Flow Inrush Hazard in Rock Fractures of Overburden Strata During Coal Mining. Mine Water Environ 39, 308–319 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-020-00687-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-020-00687-6