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Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of a Pyritic Waste Pile at the Anjir Tangeh Coal Washing Plant, Zirab, Northern Iran

Untersuchung von Wassereinbrüchen in Kohlebergwerken aus unterlagernden Ordovizischen Kalksteinen durch „Analytic Hierachy Processes“ – Ein Fallbeispiel für das Kohleflözes Nr. 17 im Kohlebergwerk Sanhejian, China

Caracterización geoquímica y mineralógica de una pila de residuos piríticos en la Planta de lavado de carbón Anjir Tangeh, Zirab, en el norte de Irán

伊朗北部Zirab地区Anjir Tangeh洗煤厂含硫化铁煤矸石的地球化学和矿物学特征

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Abstract

Coal washing at the Anjir Tangeh plant, in Zirab, northern Iran, has produced more than 1.5 Mt of coal wastes. These waste materials were geochemically and mineralogically characterised to guide development of an appropriate remediation scheme. Three vertical trenches up to 4 m deep were excavated from the coal waste pile surface and 25 solid samples were collected at 0.5 m intervals. The samples were analysed for total concentrations of 54 elements, paste pH, SO −24 , CO −23 , and HCO3 . The lowest pH values were measured at a depth of 0.3 m. The upper portion (1 m) of one profile was moderately oxidised, while oxidation in the other two profiles did not extend more than 0.8 and 0.5 m beneath the pile surface. The waste piles have low acid-producing potential (15–21.87 kg CaCO3/t) and high values of acid-neutralizing potential (0.06–96.2 kg CaCO3/t). Fe, Al, S, Na, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ag increased with increasing depth, while Mo, Sr, Zr, and Ni decreased with increasing depth. The results show pyrite oxidation at depth and subsequent leaching of the oxidation products. Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag, and Cd are the most important contaminants of concern at this site.

Kurzfassung

Unglücke durch Wassereinbrüche beeinflussen die Abbau- und Produktionsvorgänge in vielen Kohlebergwerken in China. Um Liegendeinbrüche zu prognostizieren und zu verhindern, wurden sämtliche relevanten Faktoren, welche Wassereinbrüche aus unterlagernden Ordovizischen Kalksteine beeinflussen, am Beispiel der Abbauarbeiten am Flöz Nr. 17 im Kohlebergwerk Sanhejian (China) durch die Anwendung eines „Analytic Hierachy Process“ („AHP“) methodisch untersucht. Der „AHP“ basiert in dieser Untersuchung auf der Anwendung eines Geografischen Informationssystems (GIS), mit dem die dominierenden Faktoren in den im Liegenden und Hangenden verbreiteten Einheiten analysiert werden. Durch ein Expertensystem werden die unterschiedlichen Faktoren während des „AHP“ gewertet und gewichtet. Die so identifizierten kontrollierenden Faktoren werden in Schadenspotenzialkarten dargestellt. Diese teilen das Bergbaugebiet in unterschiedliche Risikobereiche für Wassereinbrüche während des Kohleabbaus ein. Zusätzlich können Wasserstands-Kontrollsysteme entsprechen der jeweiligen Risikozone empfohlen werden.

Resumen

El lavado de carbón en la planta Anjir Tangeh, en Zirab, en el norte de Irán, ha producido más de 1.5 Mt de residuos de carbón. Estos materiales residuales fueron caracterizados geoquímica y mineralógicamente para guiar el desarrollo de un esquema apropiado de remediación. Tres perfiles de hasta 4 m de profundidad fueron excavados desde la superficie de la pila de residuos y 25 muestras sólidas fueron colectadas a intervalos de 0.5 m. Las muestras fueron analizadas para determinar las concentraciones totales de 54 elementos, pH de la pasta, SO −24 , CO −23 y HCO3 . Los menores valores de pH fueron medidos a una profundidad de 0.3 m. La porción superior (1 m) de uno de los perfiles estaba moderadamente oxidado, mientras que la oxidación en los otros dos perfiles no se extendió más que 0.8 y 0.5 m por debajo de la superficie de la pila. Estas pilas de residuos tienen baja capacidad de producción de ácido (15–21.87 kg CaCO3/t) y alta capacidad neutralizante de ácidos (0.06–96.2 kg CaCO3/t). Fe, Al, S, Na, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd y Ag se incrementaron con la profundidad, mientras Mo, Sr, Zr y Ni disminuyeron con el incremento de la profundidad. Los resultados muestras la oxidación de pirita y subsecuente lixiviación de productos de oxidación. Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag y Cd son los contaminantes que generan mayor preocupación en este sitio.

抽象

伊朗北部Zirab地区Anjir Tangeh洗煤厂已经产生超过1.5 Mt煤矸石。文章研究了该煤矸石的地球化学和矿物学特征,用以指导水环境恢复方案制定。从矸石堆表面垂直向下开挖3个4 m深探槽,以0.5 m间隔采集25个煤矸石固体样本。分析了这些样本的54种元素总浓度、paste pH、SO4 2−、CO3 2−和 HCO3 。深0.3 m处样本的pH值最低。在3个探槽剖面,一个剖面的上部(深度1 m)已发生中度氧化,另两个剖面上部氧化深度不超过0.8和0.5 m。矸石堆具有较低的产酸潜力(15–21.87 kg CaCO3/g)和较高的酸中和潜力(0.06–96.2 kg CaCO3/t)。铁、铝、硫、钠、锰、铅、锌、镉和银含量随着深度的增加而增大,而钼、锶、锆和镍储量随深度增大而减小。研究揭示了矸石堆中黄铁矿氧化作用及其氧化产物淋滤作用的垂向变化规律。锰、锌、铜、铅、银和镉将是研究场内最值得关注的污染物。

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge, with sincere appreciation, the financial support of the Alborz Markazi coal company. Many thanks are due to the Shahrood University of Technology for some of the laboratory analyses.

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Correspondence to Faramarz Doulati Ardejani.

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Shahhoseiny, M., Doulati Ardejani, F., Shafaei, S.Z. et al. Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of a Pyritic Waste Pile at the Anjir Tangeh Coal Washing Plant, Zirab, Northern Iran. Mine Water Environ 32, 84–96 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-013-0219-7

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