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Gobius salamansa, a new species of goby (Gobiidae) from the Cape Verde Islands supported by a unique cephalic lateral line system and DNA barcoding

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Abstract

Gobius salamansa sp. nov., a new species of tropical eastern Atlantic goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Gobiinae) is described from the island of São Vicente in the Republic of Cabo Verde. With adults measuring less than 35 mm TL (total length) it is the smallest species among Gobius. It is easily distinguishable from its Atlantico-Mediterranean congeners thanks to a unique character: an additional posterior ocular head pore, newly named α’, part of the anterior oculoscapular canal and connected to pore α by a suborbital branch. The new species also possesses a rare character among gobiids: a continuous oculoscapular canal, undivided into anterior and posterior parts. The species is distinguishable from its relatives thanks to its distinctive multi-colored (white, red, black, yellow and brown) eyespot, located on the first dorsal fin; by a low number of soft rays on the second dorsal fin (11) and anal fin (9); by row r not divided into two sections; by a divided row d. The two type of specimens were collected at 0.2–0.6 m depth, at the entrance of cracks in compact volcanic boulders forming a rocky islet submerged at high tide. DNA barcoding based on COI of the species compared with sympatric gobiids and species of Atlantico-Mediterranean Gobius reveals a high nucleotide sequence divergence [Kimura’s (1980) two parameter distances of 16.5 %)], with Gobius ateriformis identified as its closest species. A dichotomous key for Gobius–Mauligobius from tropical eastern Atlantic is provided. It is the eleventh gobiid species, and the fourth endemic species, to be described in Cape Verde.

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Acknowledgements

We thank P Wirtz, UK Schliewen and M Kovačić, for preliminary comments on photos of the specimens; C Ficagna and E Mallejacq for X-ray essays; A Markowska for facilitating accommodation during the expedition; A Curd for English language review; the three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. The São Vicente-2013 expedition was partially supported by the 2013 Ifremer contract for the teaching of French fishery observers.

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  1. Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, UMR BOREA 7208, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Place de la Croix, 29900, Concarneau, France

    Samuel P. Iglésias, Lou Frotté & Daniel Y. Sellos

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  1. Samuel P. Iglésias
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  2. Lou Frotté
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  3. Daniel Y. Sellos
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Correspondence to Samuel P. Iglésias.

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This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as 75BE3BA8-488D-46DB-B4B1-86C7C57ED041.

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Iglésias, S.P., Frotté, L. & Sellos, D.Y. Gobius salamansa, a new species of goby (Gobiidae) from the Cape Verde Islands supported by a unique cephalic lateral line system and DNA barcoding. Ichthyol Res 63, 356–369 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-015-0505-4

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