Abstract
Rapid technological developments along with the popularity of the Internet and mobile devices in recent years have allowed learners to undertake learning outside the confines of the physical classroom and immerse themselves in actual locations and situations. This has led to a proliferation of research in this field together with the design and development that integrate the use of mobile devices, allowing students to undertake mobile context-aware learning. In this study, 64 Taiwanese tertiary students evaluated a learning system about plants in the English language. This location-based mobile learning system to facilitate English learning was based on mobile context-aware learning and related theories. The analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model was used for the system development. Analysis of users’ requirements indicated that the majority of subjects preferred teaching materials with text and images presented on web pages on mobile devices, and that the user interface should be simple. Feedback from the evaluation of the system included suggestions to improve the maps, words, and images provided, as well as the sensing range of the global positioning system. In addition, providing forum feedback and an audio guide may be strategies to enhance users’ experience of using the system. After modifications, the final product was a fully functional system for learning about plants in English. Mobile learning is the future developmental trend in the field of education. It is anticipated that the design and development of the proposed system will serve as a reference for other researchers and future developments in mobile learning systems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Johnson, L., Adams, S., Cummins, M.: The NMC Horizon Report: 2012 Higher Education Edition. The New Media Consortium, Austin (2012)
Johnson, L., Levine, A., Smith, R., Stone, S.: The 2010 Horizon Report. The New Media Consortium, Austin (2010)
Johnson, L., Smith, R., Willis, H., Levine, A., Haywood, K.: The 2011 Horizon Report. The New Media Consortium, Austin (2011)
Hwang, G.-J., Yang, T.-C., Tsai, C.-C., Yang, S.J.: A context-aware ubiquitous learning environment for conducting complex science experiments. Comput. Educ. 53(2), 402–413 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.02.016
Hwang, G.J., Shi, Y.R., Chu, H.C.: A concept map approach to developing collaborative Mindtools for context-aware ubiquitous learning. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 42(5), 778–789 (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01102.x
Brown, J.S., Collins, A., Duguid, P.: Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educ. Res. 18(1), 32–42 (1989)
Herrington J, Oliver R.: Critical characteristics of situated learning: implications for the instructional design of multimedia. Paper presented at the ASCILITE 1995 Conference, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (1995)
Wassermann, S.: Introduction to Case Method Teaching. A Guide to the Galaxy. Teachers College Press, New York (1994)
Hsu, Y.S.: ‘Lesson Rainbow’: the use of multiple representations in an Internet-based, discipline-integrated science lesson. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 37(4), 539–557 (2006). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00551.x
Shih, Y.-C., Yang, M.-T.: A collaborative virtual environment for situated language learning using VEC3D. Educ. Technol. Soc. 11(1), 56–68 (2008)
Chang, C.-S., Chen, T.-S., Hsu, W.-H.: The study on integrating WebQuest with mobile learning for environmental education. Comput. Educ. 57(1), 1228–1239 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.12.005
Hwang, G.J., Wu, C.H., Tseng, J.C., Huang, I.: Development of a ubiquitous learning platform based on a real-time help-seeking mechanism. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 42(6), 992–1002 (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01123.x
Tan, T.-H., Liu, T.-Y., Chang, C.-C.: Development and evaluation of an RFID-based ubiquitous learning environment for outdoor learning. Interact. Learn. Environ. 15(3), 253–269 (2007). doi:10.1080/10494820701281431
Hsu, J.-M., Lai, Y.-S., Yu, P.-T.: U-plant: a RFID-based ubiquitous plant learning system for promoting self-regulation. Int. J. Internet Protoc. Technol. 6(1), 112–122 (2011)
Schank, R.C., Kass, A.: A goal-based scenario for high school students. Commun. ACM 39(4), 28–29 (1996)
Huang, Y.-M., Huang, Y.-M., Huang, S.-H., Lin, Y.-T.: A ubiquitous English vocabulary learning system: evidence of active/passive attitudes vs. usefulness/ease-of-use. Comput. Educ. 58(1), 273–282 (2012)
Lave, J., Wenger, E.: Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge university press, Cambridge (1991)
Granlund, R., Berglund, E., Eriksson, H.: Designing web-based simulation for learning. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 17, 171–185 (2000)
Hill, J.R., Song, L., West, R.E.: Social learning theory and web-based learning environments: a review of research and discussion of implications. Am. J. Distance. Educ. 23(2), 88–103 (2009)
Berglund, I.: Learning by simulation-or simulated learning? A classroom study of four students’strategies when learning control systems by computer-based simulation. Paper presented at the ECER (EERA –network 2: VETNET), University of Crete (2004)
Chang, M.-M.: Enhancing web-based language learning through self-monitoring. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 23(3), 187–196 (2007). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00203.x
Tsai KCC Using cross-platform course management system in English practicum course: a case study for English teacher-candidates. In: 2009 Fourth International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Dec 2009. IEEE, pp. 830–833
Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., Ives, B.: Web-based virtual learning environments: a research framework and a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in basic IT skills training. MIS Q. 25(4), 401–426 (2001)
Orion, N., Hofstein, A.: Factors that influence learning during a scientific field trip in a natural environment. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 31(10), 1097–1119 (1994). doi:10.1002/tea.3660311005
Schiller, J., Voisard, A.: Location-based services. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Burlington, MA (2004)
Zhao, X., Anma, F., Ninomiya, T., Okamoto, T.: Personalized adaptive content system for context-aware mobile learning. IJCSNS Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur. 8(8), 153–161 (2008)
Johnson, D.H., Johnson, R.T.: Learning Together and Alone: Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Learning, 5th edn. Pearson, Upper Saddle River (1998)
Bandura, A.: Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Am. Psychol. 37(2), 122–147 (1982)
Smith, P.L., Ragan, T.J.: Instructional design, 3rd edn. Wiley, Hoboken (2005)
Gagné, R.M., Wager, W.W., Golas, K.C., Keller, J.M.: Principles of instructional design, 5th edn. Cengage Learning, Stamford (2005)
Song, Y.: Handheld educational applications: a review of the research. In: Ryu H, Parsons D (eds) Innovative mobile learning: techniques and technologies. Information Science Reference, Hershey, PA, pp. 302–323. doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-062-2.ch015. (2009)
Shneiderman, B., Plaisant, C., Cohen, M., Jacobs, S.: Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human–Computer Interaction, 5th edn. Pearson Education, Boston (2009)
Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University. Plants of TAIWAN. http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ (2012). Accessed 1 June 2013
Sun, J.C.-Y., Chang, K.-Y.: Design and development of a GPS sensor-based context-aware learning system to facilitate English learning. Paper presented at the National Computer Symposium, Taichung, Taiwan (2013)
Miller, G.A.: The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychol. Rev. 63(2), 81–97 (1956)
Sun, J.C.-Y., Chang, K.-Y., Chen, Y.-H.: Impact of GPS sensor-based context-aware learning on self-efficacy, self-regulation, and student achievement in English classes. Paper presented at the Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education, Shanhai, China (2014)
Acknowledgments
This study was supported in part by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under Contract Numbers NSC 100-2511-S-009-012 and NSC 101-2511-S-009-010-MY3. The authors would like to thank Sunny S. J. Lin, Chao-Hsiu Chen, and Yih-Lan Liu for their valuable suggestions and all of the reviewers for their useful comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, J.CY., Chang, KY. Design and development of a location-based mobile learning system to facilitate English learning. Univ Access Inf Soc 15, 345–357 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0392-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0392-x