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Vertical profile of organic and elemental carbon in sediments of Songkhla Lake, Thailand

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Abstract

In this study, a historical record of atmospheric deposition in the sediment cores from Songkhla Lake, the second largest lake in Southeast Asia, located in the southern part of Thailand is reported. It is well known that lake sediments, including spheroidal carbonaceous particles generated by both anthropogenic and natural emissions, contain records of lake, catchment, and atmospheric deposition histories. Vertical profiles of these carbonaceous particles can be used to investigate enormously influential disturbances, particularly those triggered by extreme paleo events, over large spatial areas. In this study, organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratios displayed unusually high values of 3.07 and 4.02 for depths 240 and 340 mm, respectively. Previous studies have attributed remarkably high values of OC/EC ratios to both biomass burnings and volcanic eruptions. Although anthropogenic emissions (e.g. fossil fuel combustions) can be responsible for relatively high levels of contamination, as expected, the existence of relatively low OC/EC ratios (i.e. 1.43 ± 0.30) for all sediment samples (except those collected at 240 and 340 mm depths) suggests a tropical background of these particles.

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Acknowledgements

This work was performed with the approval of the Thailand Research Fund, the IEECAS, and the NIDA. The authors acknowledge the assistance of local staff from the Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University Phuket Campus, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University Hat-Yai Campus, Faculty of Education, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage (VRU), National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), towards field sampling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NIDA Center for Research & Development of Disaster Prevention & Management, School of Social and Environmental Development, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), 118 Moo 3, Sereethai Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand

    Siwatt Pongpiachan & Suratta Bunsomboonsakul

  2. SKLLQG and Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi’an, 710061, China

    Siwatt Pongpiachan, Qiyuan Wang, Li Xing, Guohui Li, Yongming Han & Junji Cao

  3. Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University Phuket, Campus 80 M.1 Kathu, Phuket, 83120, Thailand

    Danai Tipmanee

  4. Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University Hat-Yai Campus, Songkla, 90112, Thailand

    Chomsri Choochuay, Mattanawadee Hattayanone, Woranuch Deelaman & Natthapong Iadtem

  5. Faculty of Education, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Under the Royal Patronage (VRU), No. 1 Moo 20, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 13180, Thailand

    Jittree Palakun

  6. National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), 260 Moo 4, T. Donkaew A. Maerim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand

    Saran Poshyachinda, Apichart Leckngam, Pitipong Somboonpon, Thirasak Panyaphirawat & Suparerk Aukkaravittayapun

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  1. Siwatt Pongpiachan
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Correspondence to Siwatt Pongpiachan.

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Pongpiachan, S., Tipmanee, D., Choochuay, C. et al. Vertical profile of organic and elemental carbon in sediments of Songkhla Lake, Thailand. Limnology 20, 203–214 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-018-0568-9

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