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Decreased urinary calbindin 1 levels in proteinuric rats and humans with distal nephron segment injuries

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An Erratum to this article was published on 06 August 2013

Abstract

Background

Several proteins have been proposed as new urinary biomarkers of kidney injuries, but they are not always capable of identifying the kidney nephron segment that has been injured. Since calbindin 1 protein is exclusively localized in the kidney distal nephron segment, it is presumed that its expression is altered during distal nephron segment injuries, resulting in changes in its urinary excretion.

Methods

Calbindin 1 expression in normal rat kidneys was compared with that in the kidneys of rats that had suffered distal nephron segment injuries (unilateral ureteral obstruction [UUO] or anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis [anti-GBM GN]) using immunohistochemical examinations and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The urinary calbindin 1 protein concentration of normal rats was also compared with that of anti-GBM GN rats and of cisplatin nephropathy rats using Western blotting. We also compared the kidney and urinary calbindin 1 protein concentrations of normal human subjects with those of proteinuric patients [immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy; IgAN] with distal nephron segment injuries.

Results

Calbindin 1 mRNA expression in the renal cortices and calbindin 1 protein expression in the kidney distal nephron segments were decreased in the UUO and anti-GBM GN rat kidneys. The urinary calbindin 1 protein levels of the anti-GBM GN rats were also markedly decreased, whereas those of the cisplatin nephropathy rats were slightly decreased. The human IgAN patients displayed decreased renal calbindin 1 protein expression in their dilated distal tubules, and some patients displayed decreased urinary calbindin 1 levels.

Conclusion

Since it has been demonstrated that decreased urinary calbindin 1 levels are indicative of decreased calbindin 1 kidney expression due to distal nephron segment injuries, calbindin 1 might be a useful urinary biomarker for identifying distal nephron segment injuries.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Harumi Kogami for her excellent technical assistance. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (24659414) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, a Grant for the Promotion of Niigata University Research Projects, and a Grant-in-Aid for Clinical Research from the National Hospital Organization.

Conflict of interest

All the authors have declared no competing interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Clinical Research, Niigata National Hospital, 3-52 Akasaka-cho, Kashiwazaki, 945-8585, Japan

    Tomoko Iida, Hidehiko Fujinaka & Shuichi Tomizawa

  2. Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan

    Tomoko Iida, Hidehiko Fujinaka, Bo Xu, Ying Zhang, Sameh Magdeldin, Masaaki Nameta, Zan Liu, Yutaka Yoshida, Eishin Yaoita & Tadashi Yamamoto

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan

    Tomoko Iida & Akihiko Saito

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  1. Tomoko Iida
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  2. Hidehiko Fujinaka
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Correspondence to Hidehiko Fujinaka.

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Iida, T., Fujinaka, H., Xu, B. et al. Decreased urinary calbindin 1 levels in proteinuric rats and humans with distal nephron segment injuries. Clin Exp Nephrol 18, 432–443 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0835-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0835-3

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