Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prevalence and risk factor analysis of nephrosclerosis and ischemic nephropathy in the Japanese general population

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Nephrosclerosis/ischemic nephropathy (NS/IN) ranks third among renal diseases requiring dialysis in Japan. Although it is an important renal disease in terms of frequency, its prevalence, new incidence, and risk factors are not fully elucidated.

Methods

We analyzed the prevalence, incidence, concurrent diseases, and risk factors of NS/IN by using data from specific health checkups of Kumamoto citizens between 2008 and 2010.

Results

Although the prevalence of NS/IN was 1−2 % in people in their 40s, it increased sharply with age, reaching 17.6 % in people aged 70–74 years. The incidence of new NS/IN was 0.4−0.5 % per year. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors such as age, male gender, body mass index (BMI), hyperuricemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia correlated with NS/IN. When risk factors associated with NS/IN progress were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis, four factors—male gender, hypertension, BMI, and current smoking—significantly correlated.

Conclusion

The analysis of Kumamoto citizens aged 40–74 years receiving specific health checkups showed that in addition to hypertension and age that were considered important, male gender and obesity are also risk factors for NS/IS independent from hypertension.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Szwed JJ. Urinalysis and clinical renal disease. Am J Med Technol. 1980;46:720–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Takebayashi S, Kiyoshi Y, Hisano S, Uesugi N, Sasatomi Y, Meng J, Sakata N. Benign nephrosclerosis: incidence, morphology and prognosis. Clin Nephrol. 2001;55:349–56.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lerman LO, Textor SC, Grande JP. Mechanisms of tissue injury in renal artery stenosis: ischemia and beyond. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;52:196–203.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zucchelli P, Zuccalà A. Recent data on hypertension and progressive renal disease. J Hum Hypertens. 1996;10:679–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. The Committee of Japanese Diabetes Society on the diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. J Jpn Diabetes Soc. 2010;53:450–67.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Committee to Evaluate Diagnostic Standards for Metabolic Syndrome. Definition and the diagnostic standard for metabolic syndrome. Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. 2005;94:794–809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Matsuo S, Imai E, Horio M, Yasuda Y, Tomita K, Nitta K, Yamagata K, Tomino Y, Yokoyama H, Hishida A. Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan; Collaborators developing the Japanese equation for estimated GFR. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53:982–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Imai E, Horio M, Watanabe T, Iseki K, Yamagata K, Hara S, Ura N, Kiyohara Y, Moriyama T, Ando Y, Fujimoto S, Konta T, Yokoyama H, Makino H, Hishida A, Matsuo S. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Japanese general population. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2009;13:621–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Carr MC. The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2404–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Diez Ojea B, Marín R, Coto E, Fernández Vega F, Alvarez Navascués R, Fernández Fresnedo G, Pobes Martínez de Salinas A, Suárez Laurés A, García Monteavaro C, Gorostidi M, Sánchez E, Arias M, Ortega F. Clinical and genetic basis of hypertensive nephrosclerosis. NEFROSEN study. Nefrologia. 2010;30:687–97.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kalaitzidis RG, Siamopoulos KC. The role of obesity in kidney disease: recent findings and potential mechanisms. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011;43:771–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Iseki K, Ikemiya Y, Inoue T, Iseki C, Kinjo K, Takishita S. Significance of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for developing ESRD in a screened cohort. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44:642–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Samuelsson O, Mulec H, Knight-Gibson C, Attman PO, Kron B, Larsson R, Weiss L, Wedel H, Alaupovic P. Lipoprotein abnormalities are associated with increased rate of progression of human chronic renal insufficiency. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12:1908–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Yamagata K, Ishida K, Sairenchi T, Takahashi H, Ohba S, Shiigai T, Narita M, Koyama A. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a community-based population: a 10-year follow-up study. Kidney Int. 2007;71:159–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Noborisaka Y, Ishizaki M, Yamada Y. Paradoxical signs of smoking-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in generally healthy populations, especially those from workplaces. J Kanazawa Med Univ. 2011;36:98–105.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Marín R, Gorostidi M, Fernández-Vega F, Alvarez-Navascués R. Systemic and glomerular hypertension and progression of chronic renal disease: the dilemma of nephrosclerosis. Kidney Int Suppl. 2005:S52–56.

  17. Tomson CR, Petersen K, Heagerty AM. Does treated essential hypertension result in renal impairment? A cohort study. J Hum Hypertens. 1991;5:189–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hsu CY. Does treatment of non-malignant hypertension reduce the incidence of renal dysfunction? A meta-analysis of 10 randomised, controlled trials. J Hum Hypertens. 2001;15:99–106.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Health and Labor Sciences Research Grants from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, Japan.

Conflict of interest

There is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan

    Naoki Shiraishi, Kenichiro Kitamura, Yukimasa Kohda & Kimio Tomita

  2. Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan

    Kunitoshi Iseki

Authors
  1. Naoki Shiraishi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kenichiro Kitamura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yukimasa Kohda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kunitoshi Iseki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kimio Tomita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naoki Shiraishi.

About this article

Cite this article

Shiraishi, N., Kitamura, K., Kohda, Y. et al. Prevalence and risk factor analysis of nephrosclerosis and ischemic nephropathy in the Japanese general population. Clin Exp Nephrol 18, 461–468 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0833-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0833-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation