Abstract
This paper analyses driver trust and performance when using adaptive cruise control (ACC) in a situation involving a truck cutting into the lane in front of the ACC-equipped vehicle. The study was carried out using a mini driving simulator and a simulated ACC whose reference speed and time headway (THW) were preset to 130 km/h and 1.5 s, respectively. Questionnaires were used to analyse driver trust. Two kinds of drivers emerge from the analysis of driver behaviour during the cut-in situation: drivers who reclaimed control from the ACC before the device began to regulate the THW with regard to the truck, and drivers who braked after the device had begun its regulation. The latter demonstrated a higher level of trust in the ACC device itself while the former had a higher level of trust in the cooperation with the device. These findings are discussed in terms of over-reliance and well-calibrated trust.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ACC:
-
Adaptive cruise control
- CIS:
-
Cut-in situation
- THW:
-
Time headway
- ARCOS:
-
French acronym for the Driving Safety Research Program
- INRETS:
-
French acronym for the National Institute for Transport and Safety Research
- LAMIH:
-
French acronym for the Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation, Mechanics and Computer Sciences
- PERCOTEC:
-
French acronym for Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics
References
Bisantz AM, Seong Y (2001) Assessment of operator trust in and utilization of automated decision-aids under different framing conditions. Int J Ind Ergon 28:85–97
Boer ER, Hoedemaeker M (1998) Modeling driver behavior with different degrees of automation: a hierarchical decision framework of interacting mental models. In: Proceedings of the XVIIth European annual conference on human decision making and manual control, Valenciennes, France, pp. 14–16
Cohen MS, Parasuraman R, Freeman, JT (1998) Trust in decisions aids: a model and its training implication. Retrieved January 17, 2002, from http://www.dodccrp.org/Proceedings/DOCS/wcd00000/wcd000de.htm
Dzindolet MT, Beck HP, Pierce LG, Dawe LA (2001) A framework of automation use (Rep. No. ARL-TR-2412). Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, M.D. Retrieved January 13, 2004, from http://www.dodccrp.org/2000CCRTS/cd/html/pdf_papers/Track_4/081.pdf
Dzindolet MT, Peterson SA, Pomranky RA, Pierce LG, Beck HP (2003) The role of trust in automation reliance. Int J Hum Comput Stud 58:697–718
Espié S, Rajaonah B, Auberlet JM, Vienne F (2004) How to evaluate the driver’s trust in ITS? Example of ACC. Paper presented at the 4th ITS in Europe 2004 congress and exhibition, Budapest, Hungary
Goodrich MA, Boer ER (2003) Model-based human-centered task automation: a case study in ACC system design. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern A Syst Hum 33:325–336
Hoedemaeker M, Brookhuis KA (1998) Behavioural adaptation to driving with an adaptive cruise control (ACC). Transportation Res F 1:95–106
Hollnagel E, Woods DD (1983) Cognitive systems engineering: new wine in new bottles. Int J Man Mach Stud 18:583–600
Jian JY, Bisantz AM, Drury CG (2000) Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. Int J Cogn Ergon 4:53–71
Lee J, Moray N (1992) Trust, control strategies and allocation of function in human–machine systems. Ergonomics 35:1243–1270
Lee J, Moray N (1994) Trust, self-confidence, and operators’ adaptation to automation. Int J Hum Comput Stud 40:153–184
Lee JD, See KA (2004) Trust in technology: designing for appropriate reliance. Hum Factors 46:50–80
Millot P, Hoc JM (1997) Human–machine cooperation: metaphor or possible reality? Workshop on human–machine cooperation. ECCS’97. Manchester, UK
Muir BM (1988) Trust between humans and machines, and the design of decision aids. In: Hollnagel E, et al (eds) Cognitive engineering in complex dynamic worlds. Academic, London, pp 71–83
Muir BM (1994) Trust in automation: Part I. Theoretical issues in the study of trust and human intervention in automated systems. Ergonomics 37:1905–1922
Muir BM, Moray N (1996) Trust in automation. Part II. Experimental studies of trust and human intervention in a process control simulation. Ergonomics 39:429–460
Parasuraman R, Riley V (1997) Humans and automation: use, misuse, disuse, abuse. Hum Factors 39:230–253
Prinzel LJ, DeVries H, Freeman FG, Mikulka P (2001) Examination of automation-induced complacency and individual difference variates. Retrieved July 31, 2004, from techreports.larc.nasa.gov/ ltrs/PDF/2001/tm/NASA-2001-tm211413.pdf
Rajaonah B, Anceaux F, Espié S, Hoc JM (2003) A study of the link between trust and use of an adaptive cruise control. In: Gerrit CV, Hoorn JF (eds) Proceedings of 9th European conference on cognitive science approaches to process control. EACE, Amsterdam, pp 29–35
Riley V (1996) Operator reliance on automation: theory and data. In: Parasuraman R, Mouloua M (eds) Automation and human performance. Theory and applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, pp 19–35
Rudin-Brown CM, Parker HA (2004) Behavioural adaptation to adaptive cruise control (ACC): implications for preventive strategies. Transportation Res F 7:59–76
Stanton NA, Marsden P (1996) Flow fly-by-wire to drive-by-wire: safety implications of automation vehicles. Saf Sci 24:35–49
Stanton NA, Young M, McCaulder B (1997) Drive-by-wire: the case of driver workload and reclaiming control with adaptive cruise control. Saf Sci 27:149–159
Ward NJ (2000) Automation of task processes: an example of intelligent transportation system. Hum Factors Ergon Manuf 10:395–408
Zuboff S (1988) In the age of the smart machine. The future of work and power. Basic Books, New York
Acknowledgements
This research was done within the framework of ARCOS with the financial support of the Ministries of Research, Transportation and Industry. We thank S. Espié (INRETS-MSIS) for the mini driving simulator; I. Aillerie (INRETS-CIR) for the scenario module, the 3D-imaging module and the data recorder module; M.-P. Pacaux-Lemoine and P. Simon (LAMIH-SHM) for their cooperation. We thank J.-M. Hoc (CNRS IRRCyN PsyCoTec) for his helpful comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rajaonah, B., Anceaux, F. & Vienne, F. Trust and the use of adaptive cruise control: a study of a cut-in situation. Cognition,Technology & Work 8, 146–155 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-006-0030-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-006-0030-3