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Evolution of surface morphology of Er:YAG laser-machined human bone

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Abstract

The extensive research on the laser machining of the bone has been, so far, restricted to drilling and cutting that is one- and two-dimensional machining, respectively. In addition, the surface morphology of the laser machined region has rarely been explored in detail. In view of this, the current work employed three-dimensional laser machining of human bone and reports the distinct surface morphology produced within a laser machined region of human bone. Three-dimensional laser machining was carried out using multiple partially overlapped pulses and laser tracks with a separation of 0.3 mm between the centers of consecutive laser tracks to remove a bulk volume of the bone. In this study, a diode-pumped pulse Er:YAG laser (λ = 2940 nm) was employed with continuously sprayed chilled water at the irradiation site. The resulting surface morphology evolved within the laser-machined region of the bone was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray micro-computed tomography. The distinct surface morphology involved cellular/channeled scaffold structure characterized by interconnected pores surrounded by solid ridges, produced within a laser machined region of human structural bone. Underlying physical phenomena responsible for evolution of such morphology have been proposed and explained with the help of a thermokinetic model.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the assistance of Associate Professor Peta Clode of the Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Microanalysis, University of Western Australia in conducting microanalysis of the laser-machined bone samples.

Funding

The current work was partially funded by Australian Institute of Robotics Orthopedics Pty Ltd. (Grant number GF70046).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Laser Aided Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing, Virtual Center for Advanced Orthopedics, University of North Texas, Denton, USA

    Mangesh V. Pantawane, William B. Robertson, Riaz J.K. Khan, Daniel P. Fick & Narendra B. Dahotre

  2. Australian Institute of Robotics Orthopedics, Nedlands, Australia

    Richard T. Chipper, William B. Robertson, Riaz J.K. Khan & Daniel P. Fick

  3. Department of Computing School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia

    William B. Robertson, Riaz J.K. Khan & Daniel P. Fick

  4. The Joint Studio, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia

    Riaz J.K. Khan & Daniel P. Fick

Authors
  1. Mangesh V. Pantawane
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  2. Richard T. Chipper
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  3. William B. Robertson
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  4. Riaz J.K. Khan
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  5. Daniel P. Fick
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  6. Narendra B. Dahotre
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Narendra B. Dahotre.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of Ramsay Health Care WA|SA human research ethics committee, Hollywood Private Hospital, Monash Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia (ID# HPH435), and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Pantawane, M.V., Chipper, R.T., Robertson, W.B. et al. Evolution of surface morphology of Er:YAG laser-machined human bone. Lasers Med Sci 35, 1477–1485 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02927-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02927-w

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