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Effect of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on dentin caries microcosms

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Abstract

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment of dental caries, although there are no well-defined protocols to its clinical application. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of aPDT on the viability of microorganisms, vitality of biofilms, and lactic acid production of dentin caries microcosms. Biofilms were grown on bovine dentin discs in anaerobic conditions at 37 °C for 5 days, inoculating infected carious dentin in modified McBain medium plus 1% sucrose. The biofilms were treated by the combination of deionized water or 100 mg L−1 methylene blue (MB) with 0, 37.5, or 75 J cm−2 LED at 630 nm. The counts of total microorganisms, total streptococci, mutans streptococci, and total lactobacilli were determined by colony-forming units (CFU). The vitality of microbial cells in intact biofilms was measured by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The lactic acid production was analyzed by enzymatic spectrophotometry at 340 nm. Statistical analysis was conducted by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s tests (P < 0.05). MB and 37.5 J cm−2 LED alone did not interfere in the viability of microorganisms, unlike 75 J cm−2 LED alone that decreased the total microorganism and lactobacillus counts. The combination of MB and 75 J cm−2 LED reduced the viability of all microorganisms and the vitality of intact biofilms. The production of lactic acid was statistically lower in all treatment groups in comparison with that of the control (no treatment), except for MB alone. Therefore, the MB-mediated aPDT was effective in controlling the viability, vitality and the acidogenicity of dentin caries microcosms.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Drs. Rob Exterkate, Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira, and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato for their collaboration in infrastructure and Dr. Marcia Graeff and Veridiana Lopes Rizzato for their support during CSLM analysis. This research was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (grant no. 2014/10897-0, no. 2014/22238-1, and no. 2015/08595-9).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil

    Daniela Alejandra Cusicanqui Méndez, Eliezer Gutierrez, Evandro José Dionísio, Thaís Marchini Oliveira, Daniela Rios, Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado & Thiago Cruvinel

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil

    Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf

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  1. Daniela Alejandra Cusicanqui Méndez
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  2. Eliezer Gutierrez
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  3. Evandro José Dionísio
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  4. Thaís Marchini Oliveira
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  7. Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado
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  8. Thiago Cruvinel
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Correspondence to Thiago Cruvinel.

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This research protocol was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Human Research of the Bauru School of Dentistry (CAAE: 34559314.6.0000.5417), following the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Méndez, D.A.C., Gutierrez, E., Dionísio, E.J. et al. Effect of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on dentin caries microcosms. Lasers Med Sci 33, 479–487 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2379-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2379-3

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