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Photobiomodulation therapy associated with treadmill training in the oxidative stress in a collagen-induced arthritis model

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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by chronic and systemic inflammation, which leads to the destruction of the cartilage and bone and affects tissues in multiple joints. Oxidative stress has been implicated with regards to involvement in various disease conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative, respiratory, cardiovascular, and RA diseases. In vivo experimental studies using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have shown positive effects in reducing lipid peroxidation and in increasing antioxidant activity. The regular practice of physical exercise has also been reported to be a beneficial treatment capable of reducing oxidative damage. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of photobiomodulation therapy at 2- and 4-J doses associated with physical exercise on oxidative stress in an experimental model of RA in protein expression involving superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and/or catalase (CAT) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In this study, 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups were submitted to an RA model (i.e., collagen-induced arthritis, CIA), with the first immunization performed at the base of the tail on days 0 and 7 were included. After 28 days, a third intraarticular dose was administered in both knees of the animals. After the last induction, PBMT was started immediately, transcutaneously at two points (i.e., the medial and lateral), with a total of 15 applications. Treadmill exercise was also started the day after the last induction, and lasted for 5 weeks. With respect to results, we obtained the decreases in the lipid peroxidation and the increases of the antioxidant activities of SOD, GPX and CAT, with physical exercise associated to PBMT in doses of 2 and 4 J. In conclusion, physical exercise associated with PBMT decreases lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant activity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grant number 2015/13677-4, from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological (grant numbers 309065/2015-1).

Radical species with oxidative activity, which include reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), represent the mediators and effectors of cartilage damage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Solange Almeida dos Santos, Marcia Ataize dos Santos Vieira, Maira Cécilia Brandão Simões, Ernesto Cesar Leal-Junior & Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho

  2. Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Andrey Jorge Serra & Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho

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  1. Solange Almeida dos Santos
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  2. Marcia Ataize dos Santos Vieira
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  3. Maira Cécilia Brandão Simões
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  5. Ernesto Cesar Leal-Junior
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  6. Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho
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Correspondence to Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho.

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Conflict of interest

Professor Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior receives research support from Multi Radiance Medical (Solon, OH, USA), a laser device manufacturer. Multi Radiance Medical had no role in the planning of this study, and the laser device used herein was not theirs. They had no influence on the study’s design, data collection and analysis, and the making of the decision to publish or the preparation of the manuscript. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests.

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dos Santos, S.A., dos Santos Vieira, M.A., Simões, M.B. et al. Photobiomodulation therapy associated with treadmill training in the oxidative stress in a collagen-induced arthritis model. Lasers Med Sci 32, 1071–1079 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2209-7

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