Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of low-level laser therapy on expression of TNF-α and TGF-β in skeletal muscle during the repair process

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lasers in Medical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the expression of TNF-α and TGF-β in the tibialis anterior muscle of rats following cryoinjury. Muscle regeneration involves cell proliferation, migration and differentiation and is regulated by growth factors and cytokines. A growing body of evidence suggests that LLLT promotes skeletal muscle regeneration by reducing the duration of acute inflammation and accelerating tissue repair. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 35) were randomly divided into three groups: control group (no lesion, untreated, n = 5), cryoinjury without LLLT group (n = 15), and cryoinjury with LLLT group (n = 15). The injured region was irradiated three times a week using an AlGaInP laser (660 nm; beam spot 0.04 cm2, output power 20 mW, power density 500 mW/cm2, energy density 5 J/cm2, exposure time 10 s). Muscle remodeling was evaluated at 1, 7 and 14 days (long-term) following injury. The muscles were removed and total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent and cDNA synthesis. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed using TNF-α and TGF-β primers; GAPDH was used to normalize the data. LLLT caused a decrease in TNF-α mRNA expression at 1 and 7 days following injury and in TGF-β mRNA expression at 7 days following cryoinjury in comparison to the control group. LLLT modulated cytokine expression during short-term muscle remodeling, inducing a decrease in TNF-α and TGF-β.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lopes-Martins RA, Marcos RL, Leonardo PS et al (2006) Effect of low-level laser (Ga-Al-As 655 nm) on skeletal muscle fatigue induced by electrical stimulation in rats. J Appl Physiol 101:283–288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Grounds MD, White JD, Rosenthal N, Bogoyevitch MA (2002) The role of stem cells in skeletal and cardiac muscle repair. J Histochem Cytochem 50:589–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Fisher BD, Rathgaber M (2006) Denervation does not change the ratio of collagen I and collagen III mRNA in the extracellular matrix of muscle. J Phys Ther Sci 18(1):57–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Huard J, Li Y, Fu FH (2002) Muscle injuries and repair: current trends in research. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84:822–832

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Araújo FA, Rocha MA, Mendes JB, Andrade SP (2010) Atorvastatin inhibits inflammatory angiogenesis in mice through down regulation of VEGF, TNF-a and TGF-b1. Biomed Pharmacother 64:29–34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Filippin LI, Moreira AJ, Marroni NP, Xavier RM (2009) Nitric oxide and repair of skeletal muscle injury. Nitric Oxide 21:157–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pereira MC, Pinho CB, Medrado ARP, Andrade ZA, Reis SRA (2010) Influence of 670 nm low-level laser therapy on mast cells and vascular response of cutaneous injuries. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 98:188–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Herbein G, O'Brien WA (2000) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF receptors in viral pathogenesis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 223(3):241–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Riedel K, Riedel F, Goessler UR, Germann G, Sauerbier M (2007) TGF-beta antisense therapy increases angiogenic potential in human keratinocytes in vitro. Arch Med Res 38(1):45–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chargé SB, Rudnicki MA (2004) Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. Physiol Rev 84(1):209–238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kollias HD, McDermott JC (2008) Transforming growth factor-β and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 104:579–587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Moreira MS, Velasco IT, Ferreira LS, Ariga SKK, Barbeiro DF, Meneguzzo DT, Abatepaulo F, Marques MM (2009) Effect of phototherapy with low intensity laser on local and systemic immunomodulation following focal brain damage in rat. J Photochem Photobiol B 97:145–151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Silveira PCL, Silva LA, Fraga DB, Freitas TP, Streck EL, Pinho R (2009) Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in muscle healing. by low-level laser therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B 95:89–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Medrado ARAP, Pugliese LS, Reis SRA, Andrade ZA (2003) Influence of low level laser therapy on wound healing and its biological action upon myofibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med 32:239–244

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Shefer G, Barash I, Oron U, Halevy O (2003) Low-energy laser irradiation enhances de novo protein synthesis via its effects on translation-regulatory proteins in skeletal muscle myoblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 1593:131–139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Miyabara EH, Aoki MS, Soares AG, Moriscot AS (2005) Expression of tropism-related genes in regenerating skeletal muscle of rats treated with cyclosporin-A. Cell Tissue Res 319(3):479–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rantanen J, Thorsson O, Wollmer P, Hurme T, Kalimo H (1999) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on the regeneration of skeletal myofibers after experimental muscle injury. Am J Sports Med 27(1):54–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Freitas LS, Freitas TP, Silveira PC, Rocha LG, Pinho RA, Streck EL (2007) Effect of therapeutic pulsed ultrasound on parameters of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle after injury. Cell Biol Int 31:482–488

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kjaer M (2004) Role of extracellular matrix in adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to mechanical loading. Physiol Rev 84:649–698

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Carmeli E, Moas M, Reznick AZ, Coleman R (2004) Matrix metalloproteinases and skeletal muscle: a brief review. Muscle Nerve 29(2):191–197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Langen RCJ, Schols AMWJ, Kelders MCJM, Van Der Velden JL, Wouters EFM, Janssen-Heininger YMW (2006) Muscle wasting and impaired muscle regeneration in a murine model of chronic pulmonary inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 35:689–696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Langen RC, Schols AM, Kelders MC, Wouters EF, Janssen-Heininger YM (2004) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits myogenic differentiation through MyoD protein destabilization. FASEB J 18:227–237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Langen RC, Schols AM, Kelders MC, Wouters EF, Janssen-Heininger YM (2001) Inflammatory cytokines inhibit myogenic differentiation through activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. FASEB J 15:1169–1180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shi X, Garry DJ (2006) Muscle stem cells in development, regeneration, and disease. Genes Dev 20:1692–1708

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lima FM, Costa MS, Albertini R, Silva JA Jr, Aimbire F (2009) Low level laser therapy (LLLT): attenuation of cholinergic hyperreactivity, b2-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness and TNF-a mRNA expression in rat bronchi segments in E. coli lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation by a NF-kB dependent mechanism. Lasers Surg Med 41:68–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Albertini R, Villaverde AB, Aimbire F, Bjordal J, Brugnera A, Mittmann J, Silva JA, Costa M (2008) Cytokine mRNA expression is decreased in the subplantar muscle of rat paw subjected to carrageenan-induced inflammation after low-level laser therapy. Photomed Laser Surg 26(1):19–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bernasconi P, Di Blasi C, Mora M, Morandi L, Galbiati S, Confalonieri P et al (1999) Transforming growth factor-beta1 and fibrosis in congenital muscular dystrophies. Neuromuscul Disord 9:28–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fukushima K, Badlani N, Usas A, Riano F, Fu FH, Huard J (2001) The use of an antifibrosis agent to improve muscle recovery after laceration. Am J Sports Med 29:394–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Li Y, Foster W, Deasy BM et al (2004) Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces the differentiation of myogenic cells into fibrotic cells in injured skeletal muscle: a key event in muscle fibrogenesis. Am J Pathol 164:1007–1019

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank UNINOVE for financial support.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there were no conflicting financial interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Pós Graduação, Mestrado em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, Av. Francisco Matarazzo, 612, Água Branca, CEP 05001-100, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Jose Antônio Silva Jr., Sandra Kalil Bussadori & Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes

  2. Dentistry School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, São Paulo, Brazil

    Manoela Domingues Martins

  3. Departamento de Pos Graduacao, Mestrado em Ciencias da Reabilitacao, São Paulo, Brazil

    Tatiana Dias da Silva & Roberto Farina Piovesan

  4. Dentistry School, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil

    Vanessa Christina Santos Pavesi

Authors
  1. Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manoela Domingues Martins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jose Antônio Silva Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tatiana Dias da Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Roberto Farina Piovesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Vanessa Christina Santos Pavesi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sandra Kalil Bussadori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mesquita-Ferrari, R.A., Martins, M.D., Silva, J.A. et al. Effects of low-level laser therapy on expression of TNF-α and TGF-β in skeletal muscle during the repair process. Lasers Med Sci 26, 335–340 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-010-0850-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-010-0850-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation