Abstract
The high intensity diode laser has been studied in periodontics for the reduction of subgingival bacteria in non-surgical treatment. Our study evaluated the bacterial effect as well as changes in periodontal clinical parameters promoted by root scaling and planing associated with this wavelength. Twenty-seven patients randomly assigned in two groups underwent root scaling and planing on the tested sites, and only the experimental group received the diode laser irradiation. Among the clinical parameters studied, the clinical probing depth (CPD) and the clinical attachment level (CAL) resulted in significant enhancement in the control group when compared with the experimental group (P = 0.014 and P = 0.039, respectively). The results were similar for both groups regarding the plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BP). No significant difference in the microbiological parameters was observed between the control and experimental groups. It was possible to conclude that the high power diode laser adjunct to the non-surgical periodontal treatment did not promote additional effects to the conventional periodontal treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Loesche WJ (1992) The specific plaque hypothesis and the antimicrobial treatment of periodontal disease. Dent Update 19:68–74
Claffey N, Loos B, Gantes B et al (1988) The relative effects of therapy and periodontal disease on loss of probing attachment after root debridement. J Clin Periodontol 15:163–169
Winkelhoff AJV, Rams TE (2000) Slots J (1996) Systemic antibiotic therapy in periodontics. Periodontology 10:45–78
Walker CB (1996) Selected antimicrobial agents: mechanisms of action, side effects and drug interactions. Periodontology 2000:12–28
Quirynen M, Teughels W, van Steenberghe D (2003) Microbial shifts after subgingival debridement and formation of bacterial resistance when combined with local or systemic antimicrobials. Oral Dis 9(Suppl 1):30–37
Hatit Ben Y, Blum R, Severin C et al (1996) The effects of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in subgingival bacterial flora and on cementum: an in vivo study. J Clin Laser Med Surg 14:137–143
Gutknecht N, Raoufi P, Franzen R, Lamper F (2002) Reduction of specific microorganisms in periodontal pockets with the aid of an Nd:YAG laser: an in vivo study. J Oral Laser Appl 3:175–180
Schwarz F, Sculean A, Berakdar M et al (2003) Periodontal treatment with an Er:YAG laser or scaling and root planing. A 2-year follow-up split-mouth study. J Periodontol 74:590–596
Schwarz F, Sculean A, Berakdar M et al (2003) In vivo and in vitro effects of an Er:YAG laser, a GaAlAs diode laser, and scaling and root planing on periodontally disease root surfaces: a comparative histologic study. Lasers Surg Med 32:359–366
Kreisler M, Meyer C, Stender E, Daubländer M et al (2001) Effect of diode laser irradiation on the attachment rate of periodontal ligament cells: an in vitro study. J Periodontol 72:1312–1317
Moritz A, Gutknecht N, Doertbudak et al (1997) Bacterial reduction in periodontal pockets through irradiation with a diode laser: a pilot study. J Clin Laser Med Surg 15:33–37
Andrade AKP, Feist IS, Pannuti CM et al (2008) Nd:YAG laser clinical assisted in class II furcation treatment. Lasers Med Sci 23:341–347
Yilmaz S, Kuru B, Kuru L et al (2002) Effect of galium arsenide diode laser on human periodontal disease: a microbiological and clinical study. Lasers Surg Med 30:60–66
Moritz A, Schoop U, Goharkhay K et al (1998) Treatment of periodontal pockets with a diode laser. Lasers Surg Med 22:302–311
Borrajo JLL, Varela LG, Castro GL et al (2004) Diode laser (980 nm) as adjunct to scaling and root planing. Photomed Laser Surg 22:509–512
Maiorana C, Salina S, Santoro F (2002) Treatment of periimplantitis with diode laser: a clinical report. J Oral Laser Appl 2:121–127
Armitage CG (1999) Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol 4:1–6
Silness J, Löe H (1964) Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 22:121–135
Möller AJR (1966) Microbiological examination of root canals and periapical tissues of human teeth. Odontol Tidskr 74(5 Suppl 1):1–380
Slots J, Reynolds HS (1982) Long wave UV light fluorescence for identification of black pigmented acteroids spp. J Clin Microbiol 16:1148–1151
Le Goff A, Brunetel L, Mouton C, Bonnaure-Mallet M (1997) Evaluation of root canal bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility in teeth with necrotic pulp. Oral Microbiol Immunol 12:318–322
Alcoforado GAP, Mckay TL, Slots J (1987) Rapid method for detection of lactose fermentation oral microorganisms. Oral Microbiol Immunol 59:35–38
Slots J (1987) Detection of colonies of bacteroides gingivalis by a rapid fluorescence assay for trypsin-like activity. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2:139–141
Kamma JJ, Vasdekis VGS, Romanos GE (2009) The effect of diode laser (980 nm) treatment on aggressive periodontitis: evaluation of microbial and clinical parameters. Photomed Laser Surg 27:11–19
Kreisler M et al (2001) Effect of diode laser irradiation on the survival rate of gingival fibroblast cell cultures. Lasers Surg Med 28:445–450
Poleník P (2003) Bactericidal effect of the diode laser in periodontal treatment. The 2nd Congress of the European Society for Oral Laser Application (abstract 24),15–18May, Florence, Italy, p 7
Chan Y, Chien R (1994) Bactericidal action of Nd:YAG laser radiation in periodontal pockets. The 4th International Congress of Lasers in Dentistry, Singapore, pp 185–190
Polanyi TG (1983) Laser physics. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 16:753–774
Bach G, Neckel C, Mall C, Krekeler C (2000) Conventional versus laser-assisted therapy of periimplantitis: a five-year comparative study. Implant Dent 9:247–251
Kreisler M, Al Haj H, Daubländer M, Götz H, Duschner H, Willershausen B et al (2002) Effect of diode laser irradiation on root surfaces in vitro. J Clin Laser Med Surg 20:63–69
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), research grants 2005/56965–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
De Micheli, G., de Andrade, A.K.P., Alves, V.T.E. et al. Efficacy of high intensity diode laser as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 26, 43–48 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-009-0753-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-009-0753-5