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Comparison of the photodynamic fungicidal efficacy of methylene blue, toluidine blue, malachite green and low-power laser irradiation alone against Candida albicans

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Abstract

This study was to evaluate specific effects of photodynamic therapy (energy density 15.8 J/cm2, 26.3 J/cm2 and 39.5 J/cm2) using methylene blue, toluidine blue and malachite green as photosensitizers and low-power laser irradiation on the viability of Candida albicans. Suspensions of C. albicans containing 106 cells/ml were standardized in a spectrophotometer. For each dye, 120 assays, divided into four groups according to the following experimental conditions, were carried out: laser irradiation in the presence of the photosensitizer; laser irradiation only; treatment with the photosensitizer only; no exposure to laser light or photosensitizer. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar for the determination of the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (P < 0.05). Photodynamic therapy using the photosensitizers tested was effective in reducing the number of C. albicans.. The number of CFU/ml was reduced by between 0.54 log10 and 3.07 log10 and depended on the laser energy density used. Toluidine blue, methylene blue and malachite green were effective photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against C. albicans, as was low-power laser irradiation alone.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil (grant 06/54896-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, 12245-000, SP, Brazil

    Rodrigo C. Souza, Juliana Campos Junqueira, Rodnei D. Rossoni, Cristiane A. Pereira & Antonio O. C. Jorge

  2. Camilo Castelo Branco University (UNICASTELO), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

    Egberto Munin

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  1. Rodrigo C. Souza
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  2. Juliana Campos Junqueira
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  3. Rodnei D. Rossoni
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  4. Cristiane A. Pereira
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  5. Egberto Munin
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  6. Antonio O. C. Jorge
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Correspondence to Juliana Campos Junqueira.

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Souza, R.C., Junqueira, J.C., Rossoni, R.D. et al. Comparison of the photodynamic fungicidal efficacy of methylene blue, toluidine blue, malachite green and low-power laser irradiation alone against Candida albicans . Lasers Med Sci 25, 385–389 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-009-0706-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-009-0706-z

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