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Potential fuel savings and emissions reduction from fuel economy standards implementation for motor-vehicles

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Abstract

Currently, the transportation sector alone consumes more than 40% of the total energy consumption in Malaysia. Developed countries around the world have implemented a fuel economy standard for motor-vehicles. This paper attempts to predict the amount of fuel savings and the subsequent economic and environmental impact in the transportation sector by implementing a minimum fuel economy standard for personal vehicles in Malaysia. The calculations are based on the growth of vehicle ownership data in Malaysia. The ownership of private vehicles in Malaysia has rapidly risen from 2,553,574 in 1995 to 6,941,996 in 2006. By implementing the program in 2010 about 15 Gl of fuel can be saved by the end of the year 2018. This correlates to about RM42 billion (1US$ = RM 3.5) in bill savings and 36 million tones of carbon dioxide reductions. This study finds that implementing fuel economy standard for motor-vehicles in Malaysia will provide significant amount of fuel and emission reductions.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Annual mileage (km)

AS i :

Applicable stock of motor-vehicle in year i

ASi − 1 :

Applicable stock of motor-vehicle in year i − 1

AFI:

Annual fuel economy improvement

BFCS :

Baseline fuel consumption in the year of standards (liters/year)

\( {\text{BFC}}_{{{\text{Y}}_{\text{SC}} }} \) :

Baseline fuel consumption in the year survey conducted (liters/year)

EM n :

Emission factor n for a specific fuel type for a unit of fuel consumption (kg/liter)

ER i :

Emissions reduction in year i (kg)

FC i :

Fuel consumption in year i (liters)

FER i :

Fuel economy ratio in year i (km/l)

FERi − 1 :

Fuel economy ratio in year i − 1 (km/l)

FS i :

Fuel savings in year i of motor-vehicle (liters)

L:

Lifespan of motor-vehicles (year)

NV i :

Number of vehicles in year i

NVi − 1 :

Number of vehicles in year i − 1

NVi − L :

Number of vehicles in year i − L

ηs :

Percentage of standards improvement

SFCS :

Standards fuel consumption (liters/year)

Sh i :

Shipments of motor-vehicles in year i

SF i :

Scaling factor

SSF i :

Shipment survival factor in year i of motor-vehicle

TIS :

Total fuel economy improvement (%)

UFSS :

Initial unit fuel savings (liters/year)

UFS i :

Unit fuel savings (liters/year)

x :

Predicted year − starting year

y :

Motor-vehicles predicted data

Y SC :

Year survey conducted

Ysh i :

Year i of shipment of motor-vehicle

Yse i :

Year of standards enacted of motor vehicle (year)

Ytc T :

Year target calculation for motor vehicle (year)

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge for the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia and The University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for the financial support under PJP Grant No: FR08810/2007A.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    A. B. Aizura, T. M. I. Mahlia & H. H. Masjuki

Authors
  1. A. B. Aizura
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  2. T. M. I. Mahlia
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  3. H. H. Masjuki
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. M. I. Mahlia.

Additional information

This is the extended article of a conference paper presented at the International Conference on Plant Equipment and Reliability—ICPER 2008, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 27-29 March 2008.

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Aizura, A.B., Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. Potential fuel savings and emissions reduction from fuel economy standards implementation for motor-vehicles. Clean Techn Environ Policy 12, 255–263 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-009-0210-y

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