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Streamlined life cycle assessment of residue utilization options in Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) water extract manufacturing process

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Abstract

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used to compare alternative process options in terms of their overall impact on the environment to easily identify the most environmentally friendly alternative. In this work, a streamlined LCA study was conducted to assess three different residue utilization schemes for Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract production. The case study was firstly simulated using a batch process simulation software. The results of mass and energy balances obtained from the simulation software were then subjected to life cycle analysis. By evaluating the different schemes for using the fibrous residue from the extraction process, the potential for environmental process improvement was identified. Overall, use of the residue as process fuel was found to be the most environmentally friendly option. It produces the least emissions and reduces resource usage per unit of product than the other options evaluated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Choon Keat Kuan

  2. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia

    Dominic Chwan Yee Foo

  3. Chemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University-Manila, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004, Manila, Philippines

    Raymond R. Tan

  4. Chemical Engineering Programme, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag 2073, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

    Sivakumar Kumaresan

  5. Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Ramlan Abdul Aziz

Authors
  1. Choon Keat Kuan
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  2. Dominic Chwan Yee Foo
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  3. Raymond R. Tan
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  4. Sivakumar Kumaresan
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  5. Ramlan Abdul Aziz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raymond R. Tan.

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Kuan, C.K., Foo, D.C.Y., Tan, R.R. et al. Streamlined life cycle assessment of residue utilization options in Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) water extract manufacturing process. Clean Techn Environ Policy 9, 225–234 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-007-0088-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-007-0088-5

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