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Ceftriaxone promotes the emergence of AmpC-overproducing Enterobacteriaceae in gut microbiota from hospitalized patients

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Abstract

Epidemiological data suggest that ceftriaxone may promote the emergence of commensal AmpC-overproducing Enterobacteriaceae because of a high biliary excretion. We tested this hypothesis in hospitalized patients either treated by ceftriaxone alone or receiving no antibiotics. Hospitalized patients with no previous antibiotics or hospitalization in the last 3 months, treated only with ceftriaxone, were prospectively included. For each ceftriaxone-treated patient, a control patient receiving no antibiotics was included. Clinical data and stools were collected at T0 (before antibiotics) and T1 (at the end of ceftriaxone treatment or at discharge) and T2 (3–6 months after T1) for the ceftriaxone-treated patients and at T0 and T1 for control patients. Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), and characterized genetically. Clonal relatedness was evaluated by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Fifteen ceftriaxone and 22 control patients were included. Patients’ characteristics did not differ. At T0, 2/15 ceftriaxone-treated versus 1/22 control patients carried third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (p = 0.6). At T1, 4/15 (27%) ceftriaxone-treated patients carried AmpC producers versus 0/22 control patients (p = 0.02). Additionally, two and three subjects carried extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the ceftriaxone and control groups, respectively (p = 1). At T2, three ceftriaxone-treated patients still carried AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae with the same RAPD profile as at T1. In hospitalized subjects with no other selective pressure, treatment by ceftriaxone alone promotes the gut colonization by AmpC-overproducing Enterobacteriaceae in over a quarter of patients, with a persistent carriage after the end of antibiotic exposure. The ecological impact of ceftriaxone should not be underestimated.

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Acknowledgements

This work was presented as a poster at the 27th European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) meeting (Vienna, Austria, 22–25 April 2017).

Funding

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union (EU) FP7 health program Evolution and Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance (EvoTAR #282004).

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Correspondence to Victoire de Lastours.

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All authors declare they have no conflict of interest concerning this work.

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This work was approved by the French National Institutional Review Board (IRB 00008522; clinical trial: NCT02031588).

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All patients gave informed consent, according to French Law and the approval from the French National Institutional Review Board (IRB 00008522).

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de Lastours, V., Goulenok, T., Guérin, F. et al. Ceftriaxone promotes the emergence of AmpC-overproducing Enterobacteriaceae in gut microbiota from hospitalized patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 37, 417–421 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-3186-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-3186-x

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