Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

High prevalence of the PER-1 gene among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  • Original Article
  • Published:
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia and their resistance genetic mechanisms are yet to be identified. We studied the prevalence and genetic diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes, particularly the PER-1 gene, among carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains from patients at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2006 and 2014. Fresh subcultured samples were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Total genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate and further used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping, sequence-based typing (SBT) of PER-1 and OXA-51-like gene, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of positive isolates. Randomly selected clinical isolates (n = 100) were subjected to MLST. A total of 503 isolates were characterized as multidrug-resistant (MDR) using the MIC. Isolates were further PCR tested for bla -TEM and bla -PER-1 resistance genes (n = 503). The genotyping results showed that 68/503 (14 %) isolates were positive to bla TEM. The genotyping results of PER-1-like genes showed that 384/503 (76.3 %) were positive among MDR Acinetobacter isolates. Based on SBT, the majority of these isolates were clustered into three main groups including isolates harboring PER-1: AB11 (bla -PER-1), isolate AB16 (bla -PER-1), and, finally, the plasmid pAB154 (bla -PER-7). Remarkably, many isolates were concealing the PER-1 gene and harboring the TEM resistance genes as well. MLST results for selected isolates (n = 100) identified four main sequence types (STs: 2, 19, 20, and 25) and four novel isolates (ST 486–489). We report 76.3 % prevalence of the PER-1 resistance gene among Acinetobacter clinical isolates from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Further work is needed to explore the clinical risks and patient outcome with such resistance related to healthcare-associated infections and investigate the genetic and molecular mechanisms that confer the MDR phenotype.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Al Johani SM, Akhter J, Balkhy H et al (2010) Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative isolates in an adult intensive care unit at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 30(5):364–369

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Aly M, Balkhy HH (2012) The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates from Gulf Corporation Council countries. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 1(1):26

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Aly M, Tayeb HT, Al Johani SM et al (2014) Genetic diversity of OXA-51-like genes among multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 33(7):1223–1228

  4. Peleg AY, Seifert H, Paterson DL (2008) Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 21(3):538–582

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Poirel L, Marqué S, Héritier C et al (2005) OXA-58, a novel class D {beta}-lactamase involved in resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49(1):202–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Mussi MA, Limansky AS, Viale AM (2005) Acquisition of resistance to carbapenems in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii: natural insertional inactivation of a gene encoding a member of a novel family of {beta}-barrel outer membrane proteins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49(4):1432–1440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Bae IK, Jang SJ, Kim J et al (2011) Interspecies dissemination of the bla gene encoding PER-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55(3):1305–1307

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Vahaboglu H, Coskunkan F, Tansel O et al (2001) Clinical importance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (PER-1-type)-producing Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. J Med Microbiol 50(7):642–645

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Vahaboglu H, Saribaş S, Akbal H et al (1998) Activities of cefepime and five other antibiotics against nosocomial PER-1-type and/or OXA-10-type beta-lactamase-producing Pseudmonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. J Antimicrob Chemother 42(2):269–270

  10. Pasterán F, Rapoport M, Petroni A et al (2006) Emergence of PER-2 and VEB-1a in Acinetobacter baumannii strains in the Americas. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50(9):3222–3224

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Hu WS, Yao SM, Fung CP et al (2007) An OXA-66/OXA-51-like carbapenemase and possibly an efflux pump are associated with resistance to imipenem in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51(11):3844–3852

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen TL, Chang WC, Kuo SC et al (2010) Contribution of a plasmid-borne blaOXA-58 gene with its hybrid promoter provided by IS1006 and an ISAba3-like element to beta-lactam resistance in Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(8):3107–3112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Vahaboglu H, Oztürk R, Aygün G et al (1997) Widespread detection of PER-1-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among nosocomial Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Turkey: a nationwide multicenter study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41(10):2265–2269

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Culebras E, González-Romo F, Head J et al (2010) Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii producing OXA-66 in a Spanish hospital: epidemiology and study of patient movements. Microb Drug Resist 16(4):309–315

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Giannouli M, Cuccurullo S, Crivaro V et al (2010) Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary care hospital in Naples, Italy, shows the emergence of a novel epidemic clone. J Clin Microbiol 48(4):1223–1230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Gogou V, Pournaras S, Giannouli M et al (2011) Evolution of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clonal lineages: a 10 year study in Greece (2000–09). J Antimicrob Chemother 66(12):2767–2772

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Evans BA, Hamouda A, Towner KJ et al (2010) Novel genetic context of multiple bla OXA-58 genes in Acinetobacter genospecies 3. J Antimicrob Chemother 65(8):1586–1588

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Rawat D, Nair D (2010) Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Gram negative bacteria. J Glob Infect Dis 2(3):263–274

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Diancourt L, Passet V, Nemec A et al (2010) The population structure of Acinetobacter baumannii: expanding multiresistant clones from an ancestral susceptible genetic pool. PLoS One 5(4):e10034

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Bacila I, Jakab E, Ferencz B et al (2008) MLST method (Multilocus Sequence Typing). Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol 53(1):13–17

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hujer KM, Hujer AM, Hulten EA et al (2006) Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter sp. Isolates from military and civilian patients treated at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50(12):4114–4123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Mugnier PD, Bindayna KM, Poirel L et al (2009) Diversity of plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinases among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Kingdom of Bahrain. J Antimicrob Chemother 63(5):1071–1073

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Opazo A, Vali L, Al Obaid K et al (2014) Novel genetic structure harbouring blaPER-1 in ceftazidime-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Kuwait. Int J Antimicrob Agents 43(4):383–384

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Khan FY, Abukhattab M, Baager K (2012) Nosocomial postneurosurgical Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis: a retrospective study of six cases admitted to Hamad general hospital, Qatar. J Hosp Infect 80(2):176–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Opazo A, Sonnevend A, Lopes B et al (2012) Plasmid-encoded PER-7 beta-lactamase responsible for ceftazidime resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in the United Arab Emirates. J Antimicrob Chemother 67(7):1619–1622

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lakshmana Gowda K, Marie MA, Al-Sheikh YA et al (2014) A 6-year surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia during 2005–2010. Libyan J Med 9:24039

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang H, Guo P, Sun H et al (2007) Molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. from Chinese hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:4022–4028

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Giordano A, Varesi P, Bertini A et al (2007) Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii producing the carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-58 in Rome, Italy. Microb Drug Resist 13:37–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Opazo A, Sonnevend A, Lopes B et al (2012) Plasmid-encoded PER-7 β-lactamase responsible for ceftazidime resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in the United Arab Emirates. J Antimicrob Chemother 67(7):1619–1622

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia

    M. M. Aly, N. M. Abu Alsoud & H. H. Balkhy

  2. Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    M. S. Elrobh

  3. Department of Pathology, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    M. M. Aly & S. M. Al Johani

  4. Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    H. H. Balkhy

  5. Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    H. H. Balkhy

  6. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    M. S. Elrobh

Authors
  1. M. M. Aly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. M. Abu Alsoud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. S. Elrobh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. M. Al Johani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. H. H. Balkhy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. M. Aly.

Ethics declarations

Funding

This work has been supported by a grant from King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, grant number ARP-28-112.

Conflict of interest

All authors confirm that there is no conflict of interest or financial relationship with the organization that funded the research.

Ethics statement

Ethical approval and consent were not required for this study because no human or animal subjects were used.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aly, M.M., Abu Alsoud, N.M., Elrobh, M.S. et al. High prevalence of the PER-1 gene among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 35, 1759–1766 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-016-2723-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-016-2723-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation