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The use of genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a systematic review

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Abstract

Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungal pathogen that can infect both humans and animals. This disease has worldwide distribution and affects mainly immunocompromised individuals. In the environment, H. capsulatum grows as mold but undergoes a morphologic transition to the yeast morphotype under special conditions. Molecular techniques are important tools to conduct epidemiologic investigations for fungal detection, identification of infection sources, and determination of different fungal genotypes associated to a particular disease symptom. In this study, we performed a systematic review in the PubMed database to improve the understanding about the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis. This search was restricted to English and Spanish articles. We included a combination of specific keywords: molecular typing [OR] genetic diversity [OR] polymorphism [AND] H. capsulatum; molecular epidemiology [AND] histoplasmosis; and molecular epidemiology [AND] Histoplasma. In addition, we used the specific terms: histoplasmosis [AND] outbreaks. Non-English or non-Spanish articles, dead links, and duplicate results were excluded from the review. The results reached show that the main methods used for molecular typing of H. capsulatum were: restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, microsatellites polymorphism, sequencing of internal transcribed spacers region, and multilocus sequence typing. Different genetic profiles were identified among H. capsulatum isolates, which can be grouped according to their source, geographical origin, and clinical manifestations.

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Acknowledgments

L.S. Damasceno thanks the “Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Infecciosas do Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas”, FIOCRUZ, and the scholarship no. 99999.002336/2014-06 provided by the “Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior” from the CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil. R.M. Zancopé-Oliveira is, in part, supported by CNPq 304976/2013-0 and FAPERJ E-26/103.157/2011.

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  1. FIOCRUZ—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, INI—Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    L. S. Damasceno, M. M. Muniz & R. M. Zancopé-Oliveira

  2. Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Faculdade de Medicina, UFC—Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-140, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    T. M. J. S. Leitão

  3. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM—Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, DF, Mexico

    M. L. Taylor

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Damasceno, L.S., Leitão, T.M.J.S., Taylor, M.L. et al. The use of genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 35, 19–27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-015-2508-5

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