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The microbiology of endophthalmitis: global trends and a local perspective

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Abstract

Endophthalmitis is a rare but frequently devastating infection, caused by diverse organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The causative agents of endophthalmitis vary according to the mechanism. The involvement of intraocular structures can result from exogenous spread from ocular trauma, infection of adjacent structures, or as a complication of intraocular surgery. Of the causes of exogenous endophthalmitis, post-operative endophthalmitis is the most frequently encountered; specifically, cataract surgery is the most frequent eye surgery and, thus, leads the list of surgery-associated endophthalmitis. Exogenous source is far more common than endogenous endophthalmitis, a disease that is caused by the hematogenous spread of organisms from a remote infectious site to the eye, leading to severe visual loss. Several large series estimate that endogenous endophthalmitis accounts for 2–15 % of all cases of endophthalmitis. Progressive vitritis is a hallmark for all forms of endophthalmitis, accompanied by intraocular inflammation, loss of vision, pain, and hypopyon. The common presentation consists of reduced vision, conjunctival injection, pain, and eyelid swelling. We reviewed the microbiology of endophthalmitis during a 9-year period in Winnipeg, Canada. Gram-positive bacteria with coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common causative organisms, reflecting the association with surgical procedures.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have not received funding for this project and have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Y. Keynan

  2. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Y. Keynan & P. Lagacé-Wiens

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Y. Keynan

  4. Sackler Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel

    Y. Finkelman

  5. Diagnostic Services of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    P. Lagacé-Wiens

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  1. Y. Keynan
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  2. Y. Finkelman
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  3. P. Lagacé-Wiens
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Correspondence to Y. Keynan.

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Keynan, Y., Finkelman, Y. & Lagacé-Wiens, P. The microbiology of endophthalmitis: global trends and a local perspective. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31, 2879–2886 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-012-1659-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-012-1659-x

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