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Noninvasive positive pressure ventilator deteriorates the outcome of pneumomediastinum in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis

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Abstract

Background

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody (Ab)-positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with pneumomediastinum (PNM) is a life-threatening condition. We aim to determine the prognostic factors affecting survival of patients with anti-MDA5 Ab-positive CADM complicated with PNM.

Methods

We retrospectively established a cohort of patients with anti-MDA5 Ab-positive CADM complicated with PNM from April 2013 to July 2019. Demographic data and clinical characteristics from medical records were analyzed and variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. We performed univariate and multivariate survival analyses by Cox regression. Survival curves were depicted by the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Among 133 patients with anti-MDA5 Ab-positive CADM, 20 were diagnosed with PNM. The cumulative estimated Kaplan–Meier survival rate was 85% at 1 week, 55% at 1 month, and 40% at 1 year. Univariate analysis indicated several factors associated with survival. Worse liver function (AST, p = 0.043; LDH, p = 0.002; TBIL, p = 0.038), higher CRP level (p = 0.044), higher HRCT score (p = 0.022), and using noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) (p < 0.01) were associated with poor prognosis. In a multivariate Cox regression model, AST level and using NPPV were indicated to be independent predictors of poor prognosis.

Conclusion

In this research, we found that the incidence rate of PNM in anti-MDA5 Ab-positive CADM was 15.5%, obviously higher than in classical DM. The application of noninvasive positive pressure ventilator (NPPV) and higher AST level were independent risk factors for survival.

Key Points

• Anti-MDA5 Ab-positive CADM complicated with PNM is a life-threatening condition with an incidence rate of 15.5%.

• The application of NPPV and worse liver function were independent risk factors for survival of anti-MDA5 Ab-positive CADM patients complicated with PNM.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the patients and clinicians involved in the project.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 81571575, 81771737).

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Author notes

  1. Mengmeng Zhou and Yan Ye contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China

    Mengmeng Zhou, Yan Ye, Ninghui Yan, Xinyue Lian, Chunde Bao & Qiang Guo

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  1. Mengmeng Zhou
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  2. Yan Ye
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Correspondence to Chunde Bao or Qiang Guo.

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The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China. All patients have given their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.

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Zhou, M., Ye, Y., Yan, N. et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilator deteriorates the outcome of pneumomediastinum in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Clin Rheumatol 39, 1919–1927 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04918-2

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