Abstract
The objective of this paper is to assess the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) and leptin in Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP). We investigated the serum leptin and total nitrite levels in 22 children with HSP in the acute phase and after remission and in 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control. Serum leptin levels (nanograms per milliliter; median, min–max) were statistically higher in the acute phase (12.9, 9.1–19.5) than those in the remission phase (6.1, 3.7–10.5, p<0.001) and in the control group (4.9, 3.8–7.5, p<0.001). Also, serum nitrite levels (micromole per liter; median, min–max) were higher in children in the acute phase (45.0, 32.0–60.0) compared to those in remission phase (30.5, 23.0–48.0) and in the control group (29.5, 18.0–38.0) (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between serum leptin and total nitrite levels (r=0.65, p<0.001). We have demonstrated that serum leptin and NO levels were increased during the acute phase in children with HSP, and returned to normal levels in remission. We suggest that leptin and NO may have a role in the immunoinflammatory process of HSP, especially in the acute phase. Further studies are needed to clearly establish the roles of leptin and NO in the pathogenesis of HSP.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tizard EJ (1999) Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Arch Dis Child 80:380–383
Muslu A, Islek I, Gok F, Aliyazicioglu Y, Dagdemir A, Dundaroz R et al (2002) Endothelin levels in Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Pediatr Nephrol 17:920–925
Besbas N, Saatci U, Ruacan S, Ozen S, Bakkaloglu A, EL Nahas AM (1997) The role of cytokines in Henoch–Schonlein purpura. Scand J Rheumatol 26:456–460
Gattorno M, Vignola S, Barbano G, Sormani MP, Sabatini F, Buoncompagni A et al (2000) Tumor necrosis factor induced adhesion molecule serum concentrations in Henoch–Schonlein purpura and pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 27:2251–2255
Wu TH, Wu SC, Huang TP, Yu CL, Tsai CY (1996) Increased excretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta in urine from patients with IgA nephropathy and Schonlein–Henoch purpura. Nephron 74:79–88
Rostoker G, Rymer JC, Bagnard G, Petit-Phar M, Griuncelli M, Pilatte Y (1998) Imbalances in serum proinflammatory cytokines and their soluble receptors: a putative role in the progression of idiopathic IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch–Schonlein purpura nephritis, and a potential target of immunoglobulin therapy? Clin Exp Immunol 114:468–476
Mantzoros CS, Moschos S, Avramopoulos I, Kaklamani V, Liolios A, Doulgerakis DE et al (1997) Leptin concentrations in relation to body mass index and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha system in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3408–3413
Hibbs JBJ, Taintor RR, Vavrin Z, Rachlin EM (1988) Nitric oxide: a cytotoxic activated macrophage effector molecule. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 157:87–94
Moncada S, Palmer RMJ, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43:109–142
de Belder AJ, Radomski MW, Martin JF, Moncada S (1995) Nitric oxide and the pathogenesis of heart muscle disease. Eur J Clin Invest 25:1–8
Islek I, Balat A, Cekmen M, Yureklı M, Muslu A, Sahinoz S et al (2003) Adrenomedullin and total nitrite levels in children with Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Pediatr Nephrol 18:1132–1137
Soylemezoglu O, Ozkaya O, Erbas D, Akkok N, Buyan N, and Hasanoglu E (2002) Nitric oxide in Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Scand J Rheumatol 31:271–274
Evereklioglu C, Turkoz Y, Er H, Inaloz HS, Ozbek E, Cekmen M (2002) Increased nitric oxide production in patients with Behcet’s disease: is it a new activity marker? J Am Acad Dermatol 46:50–54
Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Hunder GG, Arend WP et al (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch–Schonlein purpura. Arthritis Rheum 33:1114–1121
Granger DL, Taintor RR, Boockvar KS, Hibbs JB Jr (1996) Measurement of nitrate and nitrite in biological samples using nitrate reductase and Greiss reaction. Methods Enzymol 268:142–151
Moshage H (1997) Nitric oxide determinations: much ado about NO-thing? Clin Chem 43:553–556
Evereklioglu C, Inaloz HS, Kirtak N, Doganay S, Bulbul M, Ozerol E et al (2002) Serum leptin concentration is increased in patients with Behcet’s syndrome and is correlated with disease activity. Br J Dermatol 147:331–336
Stenvinkel P, Lönnqvist F, Schalling M (1999) Molecular studies of leptin: implications for renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14:1103–1112
Kirchgessner TG, Uysal KT, Wiesbrock SM, Marino MW, Hotamisligil GS (1997) Tumour necrosis factor- contributes to obesity-related hyperleptinemia by regulating leptin release from adipocytes. J Clin Invest 100:2772–2782
Zumbach MS, Boehme MW, Wahl P, Stremmel W, Ziegler R, Nawroth PP (1997) Tumor necrosis factor increases serum leptin levels in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3408–3413
Wu T, Wu S, Huang T, Yu C, Tsai C (1996) Increased excretion of Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 in urine from patients with IgA nephropathy and Schönlein–Henoch Purpura. Nephron 74:79–88
Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43:109–142
Bratt J, Palmbland J (1997) Cytokine-Induced neutrophil-mediated injury of human endothelial cells. J Immunol 159:912–918
Tsukahara H, Kikuchi K, Matsuda M et al (1997) Endogenous nitric oxide production in Kawasaki disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 57:43–47
Er H, Evereklioglu C, Cumurcu T, Turkoz Y, Ozerol E, Sahin K et al (2002) Serum homocysteine level is increased and correlated with endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in Behcet’s disease. Br J Ophthalmol 86:653–659
Heeringa P, Bijl M, de Jager-Krikken A, Zandvoort A, Dijkstra G, Moshage H et al (2001) Renal expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and formation of peroxynitrite-modified proteins and reactive oxygen species in Wegener’s granulomatosis. J Pathol 193:224–232
Trachtman H, Gauthier B, Frank R, Futterweit S, Goldstein A, Tomozak J (1996) Increased urinary nitrite excretion in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. J Pediatr 128:173–176
Cattell V (2002) Nitric oxide and glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 61:816–821
Svenungsson E, Andersson M, Brundin L (2001) Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide metabolites in neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 60:372–379
Beltowski J, Jochem J, Wojcicka G, Zwirska-Korczala K (2004) Influence of intravenously administered leptin on nitric oxide production, renal hemodynamics and renal function in the rat. Regul Pept 120:59–67
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aliyazicioglu, Y., Ozkaya, O., Yakut, H. et al. Leptin levels in Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Clin Rheumatol 26, 371–375 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-006-0363-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-006-0363-6