Abstract
When mining under bedding rock slopes, bedding landslides are prone to occur. This paper takes the mining-induced bedding rock landslide as the research area. Using a similar simulation experiment method, the effects of underground adverse slope mining disturbance on deformation, failure, and landslide of bedding rock slope were analyzed. The results show that under the influence of underground mining, the physical models exhibited a cantilever-fracture failure mode. Moreover, the deformation, failure, and landslide of the model were basically the same as the prototype landslide, which was a bedding rock landslide of initial traction type and later pushing type. On this basis, the phenomenon and the coefficient of weakening were defined. The stability of mining-influenced bedding rock slopes was studied by the limit equilibrium method. The outcomes indicate that the fractured block was stable after mining. The fractured block B first slid and came into contact with the fractured block A. The interacting pressure caused the fractured block B to push the fractured block A, and the fractured block A locked the fractured block B. Under the sliding extrusion of the fractured block B, the weakening coefficient of the fractured block A quickly weakened until the fractured block A slid. The fractured block B subsequently slipped after losing the resistance slide of the fractured block A. This successive slip process between the fractured blocks A and B obtained through the stability analysis is consistent with similar simulation experiments.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.
References
Arca D, Kutoğlu HŞ, Becek K (2018) Landslide susceptibility mapping in an area of underground mining using the multicriteria decision analysis method. Environ Monit Assess 190:725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7085-5
Chen ZQ, Zhang YX, Zhou JY (2011) Experimental study of deep tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with similarity material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique. Rock Soil Mech 32:141–148. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2011.s1.082
Dai ZY, Tang JX, Jiang ZB, Wang YL, Liu S (2018) A new similar simulation testing equipment for variable sliding plane bedding landslide and its application. J Saf Environ 18:462–467. https://doi.org/10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2018.02.010
Donnelly LJ, Cruz HDL, Asmar I, Zapata O, Perez JD (2001) The monitoring and prediction of mining subsidence in the Amaga, Angelopolis, Venecia and Bolombolo regions, Antioquia, Colombia. Eng Geol 59:103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00068-5
Fredlund DG, Krahn J (1977) Comparison of slope stability methods of analysis. Can Geotech J 14:429–439. https://doi.org/10.1139/t77-045
Gao YJ (2013) The study and application of a kind of digital speckle correlation method (in Chinese). Master Dissertation, Nanchang University
Gong YQ, Guo GL (2019) A data-intensive FLAC(3D) computation model: application of geospatial big data to predict mining induced subsidence. CMES-Com Model Eng 119:395–408. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2019.03686
Grenon M, Caudal P, Amoushahi S, Turmel D, Locat J (2017) Analysis of a large rock slope failure on the east wall of the LAB Chrysotile Mine in Canada: back analysis, impact of water infilling and mining activity. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50:403–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1116-8
He K, Gao Y, Wang WP, Zhu SN (2018) Physical model experimental study on deformation and failure of overlying rock slope under the condition of steep coal seam mining. J Geom 24:399–406. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.12090/j.issn.1066-6616.2018.24.03.041
Huang RQ (2007) Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 26:433–454. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.03.001
Li TC, Li XS (2014) Resemblance and principles of similarity. Harbin Institute of Technology Press, Harbin
Li XH, Lu YY, Kang Y, Rao BH (2007) Experimental simulation technology of rock mechanics. Science and Technology Press, Beijing
Li B, Wang GZ, Feng Z, Wang WP (2015) Failure mechanism of steeply inclined rock slopes induced by underground mining. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 34:1148-1161. (in Chinese) 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.0974
Luo XQ (2008) Theory and application of model test on landslide. China Water Power Press, Beijing
Marschalko M, Yilmaz I, Bednarik M, Kubecka K (2012a) Deformation of slopes as a cause of underground mining activities: three case studies from Ostrava-Karviná coal field (Czech Republic). Environ Monit Assess 184:6709–6733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2453-4
Marschalko M, Yilmaz I, Křístková V, Fuka M, Bednarik M, Kubečka K (2012b) Determination of actual limit angles to the surface and their comparison with the empirical values in the upper Silesian Basin (Czech Republic). Eng Geol 124:130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.10.010
Ren WZ, Guo CM, Peng ZQ, Wang YG (2010) Model experimental research on deformation and subsidence characteristics of ground and wall rock due to mining under thick overlying terrane. Int J Rock Mech Min 47:614–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.12.012
Renani HR, Martin CD (2020a) Factor of safety of strain-softening slopes. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12:473–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.11.004
Renani HR, Martin CD (2020b) Slope stability analysis using equivalent Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown criteria. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53:13–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01889-3
Salmi EF, Nazem M, Karakus M (2017) Numerical analysis of a large landslide induced by coal mining subsidence. Eng Geol 217:141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.12.021
Shao XP, Shi PW, Zhao GL, Wang GR (2007) Study on characters of surface subsidence in mining steep and thick seams by means of solid experiment. Rock Soil Mech 28:1577–1580. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2007.08.009
Stephen FG, Cortland FE, Douglas CP, Alexander R (2006) Coal and the environment. American Geological Institute, Alexandria
Tang JX, Dai ZY, Wang YL, Zhang L (2019) Fracture failure of consequent bedding rock slopes after underground mining in mountainous area. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52:2853–2870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01876-8
Tichavsky R, Jirankova E, Fabianova A (2012) Dating of mining-induced subsidence based on a combination of dendrogeomorphic methods and in situ monitoring. Eng Geol 272:105650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105650
Tiwari A, Narayan AB, Dwivedi R, Swadeshi A, Pasari S, Dikshit O (2020) Geodetic investigation of landslides and land subsidence: case study of the Bhurkunda coal mines and the Sirobagarh landslide. Surv Rev 52:134–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2018.1531654
Vanneschi C, Eyre M, Burda J, Zizka L, Francioni M, Coggan JS (2018) Investigation of landslide failure mechanisms adjacent to lignite mining operations in North Bohemia (Czech Republic) through a limit equilibrium/finite element modelling approach. Geomorphology 320:142–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.08.006
Xiao XC, Pan YS, Lu XF, Yu LY, Jiang CY (2011) Experimental study of deep depth tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with equivalent material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique. J China Coal Soc 36:1629–1634. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2011.10.025
Yang JH, Yu X, Yang Y, Yang ZQ (2018) Physical simulation and theoretical evolution for ground fissures triggered by underground coal mining. PLoS One 13:e0192886. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192886
Yilmaz I, Marschalko M (2012) A leaning historical monument formed by underground mining effect: an example from Czech Republic. Eng Geol 133–134:43–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.02.011
Yin YP (2011) Recent catastrophic landslides and mitigation in China. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 3:10–18. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1235.2011.00010
Yu XY, Mao XW (2020) A preliminary discrimination model of a deep mining landslide and its application in the Guanwen coal mine. B Eng Geol Environ 79:485–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01565-4
Yu XY, Wang ZS, Yang Y (2019) Surface movement and deformation law of fully-mechanized caving mining with large mining depth. J Xi’an University Sci and Tech 39:555–563. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2019.0401
Zhang M, Wu LZ, Zhang JC, Li LP (2019) The 2009 Jiweishan rock avalanche, Wulong, China: deposit characteristics and implications for its fragmentation. Landslides 16:893–906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01142-6
Zhao JJ, Li JS, Ma YT, Yu JL (2020) Experimental study on failure process of mining landslide induced by rain-fall. J China Coal Soc 45:760–769. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2019.0188
Zhou XP, Cheng H (2013) Analysis of stability of three-dimensional slopes using the rigorous limit equilibrium method. Eng Geol 160:21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.03.027
Zou ZX (2014) Research on the evolution dynamics of the consequent bedding rockslides (in Chinese). Ph.D. Dissertation, China University ofGeosciences
Zou YF, Chai HB (2013) Similarity theory of mining subsidence and its application. Science Press, Beijing
Zou ZX, Xiong CR, Tang HM, Criss RE, Su AJ, Liu X (2017) Prediction of landslide runout based on influencing factor analysis. Environ Earth Sci 76:723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7075-x
Code availability
Not applicable.
Funding
The authors received financial support from the Talent introduction research project of Guizhou University (grant number [2019] 42), Science & Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (grant number [2020] 4Y050), and Science & Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (grant number [2019] 2887).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization: ZD, LZ
Formal analysis: YW
Methodology: ZD, LZ
Project administration: ZD
Resources: ZJ, SX
Validation: ZJ, SX
Writing—original draft: ZD, LZ
Writing—review and editing: ZD, YW
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
All the research work in this paper has been approved by the responsible authorities of the coal mine.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dai, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, Y. et al. Deformation and failure response characteristics and stability analysis of bedding rock slope after underground adverse slope mining. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80, 4405–4422 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02258-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02258-7