Abstract
Cooling shock has a significant thermal deterioration (TD) on the physical and mechanical properties of rocks in high-temperature conditions, which is a critical concern for the engineering application of the cyclic hydraulic fracturing technique in an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). In this work, cooling shock tests were carried out on granite samples to evaluate the actual TD of high-temperature rocks by cooling shocks, and multiple test methods were used to explore the effect of TD on the corresponding physical and mechanical properties of high-temperature granite. Some core conclusions from the study are as follows: (1) The wave velocity and apparent resistivity (AR) can reflect the thermal damage effect of cooling shocks on high-temperature granite. Notably, the higher the temperature of granite, the more significant change in wave velocity and AR. (2) The stress-strain curve tends to be smooth with the granite temperature increases and the cooling shocks intensify, the quiet period of acoustic emission (AE) events is lengthened, and the number is gradually reduced. (3) The TD effect of the cooling shock tends to be more significant for the samples at temperatures above 550 °C, and the peak stress continues to decrease with cooling shock strengthen. Furthermore, thermal stress is the main cause of TD to high-temperature granite. This study has the potential to guide the use of the cooling shock effect in extraction applications of geothermal engineering.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Avanthi Isaka BL, Ranjith PG, Rathnaweera TD, Perera MSA, De Silva VRS (2019) Quantification of thermally-induced microcracks in granite using X-ray CT imaging and analysis. Geothermics 81:152–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.04.007
Chaki S, Takarli M, Agbodjan WP (2008) Influence of thermal damage on physical properties of a granite rock: porosity, permeability and ultrasonic wave evolutions. Constr Build Mater 22(7):1456–1461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.002
Chmel A, Shcherbakov I (2014) Temperature dependence of acoustic emission from impact fractured granites. Tectonophysics 632:218–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.015
Dipippo R (2016) Geothermal power plants: principles,Application,Case Studies and Environmental Impact (Third Edition)
Dong Z, Sun Q, Ranjith PG (2019) Surface properties of grayish-yellow sandstone after thermal shock. Environ Earth Sci 78(14). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8451-5
Feng C, Jigang X, Jinzhen A, Chunting M, Dayuan C (2000) Experimental study on anisotropy of rock resistivity and microfissure propagation orientation. Acta Seismol Sin 22(03):310–318
Freire-Lista DM, Fort R, Varas-Muriel MJ (2016) Thermal stress-induced microcracking in building granite. Eng Geol 206:83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.03.005
Ge Z, Sun Q (2018) Acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of granite after heating and cooling cycles. Eng Fract Mech 200:418–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.08.011
Griffiths L, Heap MJ, Baud P, Schmittbuhl J (2017) Quantification of microcrack characteristics and implications for stiffness and strength of granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 100:138–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.10.013
Han G, Jing H, Su H, Liu R, Yin Q, Wu J (2019) Effects of thermal shock due to rapid cooling on the mechanical properties of sandstone. Environ Earth Sci 78(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8151-1
Hofmann H, Babadagli T, Yoon JS, Zang A, Zimmermann G (2015) A grain based modeling study of mineralogical factors affecting strength, elastic behavior and micro fracture development during compression tests in granites. Eng Fract Mech 147:261–275
Huang Y-H, Yang S-Q, Tian W-L, Zhao J, Ma D, Zhang C-S (2017) Physical and mechanical behavior of granite containing pre-existing holes after high temperature treatment. Arch Civ Mech Eng 17(4):912–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2017.03.007
Huang Z, Wu X, Li R, Zhang S, Yang R (2019) Mechanism of drilling rate improvement using high-pressure liquid nitrogen jet. Petrol Explor Dev+ 46(4):810–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(19)60239-9
Isaka B, Gamage R, Rathnaweera T, Perera M, Chandrasekharam D, Kumari W (2018) An influence of thermally-induced micro-cracking under cooling treatments: mechanical characteristics of Australian granite. Energies 11(6):1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061338
Kim K, Kemeny J, Nickerson M (2013) Effect of rapid thermal cooling on mechanical rock properties. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47(6):2005–2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0523-3
Kumari WGP, Ranjith PG, Perera MSA, Chen BK, Abdulagatov IM (2017) Temperature-dependent mechanical behaviour of Australian Strathbogie granite with different cooling treatments. Eng Geol 229:31–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.09.012
Kumari WGP, Ranjith PG, Perera MSA, Chen BK (2018) Experimental investigation of quenching effect on mechanical, microstructural and flow characteristics of reservoir rocks: thermal stimulation method for geothermal energy extraction. J Pet Sci Eng 162:419–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.12.033
Liu X, Yuan S, Sieffert Y, Fityus S, Buzzi O (2016) Changes in mineralogy, microstructure, Compressive Strength and Intrinsic Permeability of Two Sedimentary Rocks Subjected to High-Temperature Heating. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(8):2985–2998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0950-z
Pan DD, Li SC, Xu ZH, Zhang YC, Lin P, Li HY (2019) A deterministic-stochastic identification and modelling method of discrete fracture networks using laser scanning: development and case study. Eng Geol 262:105310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105310
Pan DD, Xu ZH, Lu XM, Zhou LQ, Li HY (2020) 3D scene and geological modeling using integrated multi-source spatial data: methodology, challenges, and suggestions. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 100:103393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103393
Peng J, Rong G, Cai M, Yao M-D, Zhou C-B (2016a) Physical and mechanical behaviors of a thermal-damaged coarse marble under uniaxial compression. Eng Geol 200:88–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.12.011
Peng J, Rong G, Cai M, Yao M, Zhou C (2016b) Comparison of mechanical properties of undamaged and thermal-damaged coarse marbles under triaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 100(83):135–139
Peng J, Rong G, Tang Z, Sha S (2019) Microscopic characterization of microcrack development in marble after cyclic treatment with high temperature. Bull Eng Geol Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01494-2
Rong G, Peng J, Cai M, Yao M, Zhou C, Sha S (2018) Experimental investigation of thermal cycling effect on physical and mechanical properties of bedrocks in geothermal fields. Appl Therm Eng 141:174–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.126
Shen Y-J, Hou X, Yuan J-Q, Zhao C-H (2019a) Experimental study on temperature change and crack expansion of high temperature granite under different cooling shock treatments. Energies 12(11):2097
Shen Y-J, Wang Y-Z, Yang Y, Sun Q, Luo T, Zhang H (2019b) Influence of surface roughness and hydrophilicity on bonding strength of concrete-rock interface. Constr Build Mater 213:156–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.078
Shen Y-J, Yang H-W, Xi J-M, Yang Y, Wang Y-Z, Wei X (2020) A novel shearing fracture morphology method to assess the influence of freeze–thaw actions on concrete–granite interface. Cold Reg Sci Technol 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102900
Siratovich PA, Villeneuve MC, Cole JW, Kennedy BM, Bégué F (2015) Saturated heating and quenching of three crustal rocks and implications for thermal stimulation of permeability in geothermal reservoirs. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 80:265–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.09.023
Sirdesai NN, Singh TN, Gamage RP (2017) Thermal alterations in the poro-mechanical characteristic of an Indian sandstone–a comparative study. Eng Geol 226:208–220
Sirdesai NN, Gupta T, Singh TN, Ranjith PG (2018) Studying the acoustic emission response of an Indian monumental sandstone under varying temperatures and strains. Constr Build Mater 168:346–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.180
Speight, & James (2015) Geothermal energy: renewable energy and the environment, second edition, by william e. glassley. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization & Environmental Effects 37(18):2039–2039. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2015.1085286
Sun H, Sun Q, Deng W, Zhang W, Lü C (2017) Temperature effect on microstructure and P-wave propagation in Linyi sandstone. Appl Therm Eng 115:913–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.026
Tang SB, Zhang H, Tang CA, Liu HY (2016) Numerical model for the cracking behavior of heterogeneous brittle solids subjected to thermal shock. Int J Solids Struct 80:520–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.10.012
Wang X, Cai M (2018) Modeling of brittle rock failure considering inter- and intra-grain contact failures. Comput Geotech 101:224–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.04.016
Wang HF, Bonner BP, Carlson SR, Kowallis BJ, Heard HC (1989) Thermal stress cracking in granite. J Geophys Res 94(B2):1745. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB02p01745
Wang X, Schubnel A, Fortin J, Guéguen Y, Ge H (2013) Physical properties and brittle strength of thermally cracked granite under confinement. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 118(12):6099–6112. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010340
Welty JRWC, Rorrer GW (2009) Fundamentals of momentum, heat, and mass transfer. Wiley and Sons, New York
Wu X, Huang Z, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Song H, Zhao X (2019a) Effects of cyclic heating and LN2-cooling on the physical and mechanical properties of granite. Appl Therm Eng 156:99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.046
Wu X, Huang Z, Zhang S, Cheng Z, Li R, Song H, Huang P (2019b) Damage analysis of high-temperature rocks subjected to LN2 thermal shock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52(8):2585–2603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1711-y
Wu Q, Weng L, Zhao Y, Guo B, Luo T (2019c) On the tensile mechanical characteristics of fine-grained granite after heating/cooling treatments with different cooling rates. Eng Geol 253:94–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.03.014
Zhao XD, Tang CA, Li YH, Yuan RF, Zhang JY (2006) Study on AE activity characteristics under uniaxial compression loading. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 25(S2):3673–3678
Yin T, Zhang S, Li X, Bai L (2018) Evolution of dynamic mechanical properties of heated granite subjected to rapid cooling. Geomech Eng 16(5):483–493
Zhang Y, Sun Q, Cao L, Geng J (2017a) Pore, mechanics and acoustic emission characteristics of limestone under the influence of temperature. Appl Therm Eng 123:1237–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.199
Zhang F, Zhao J, Hu D, Skoczylas F, Shao J (2017b) Laboratory investigation on physical and mechanical properties of granite after heating and water-cooling treatment. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51(3):677–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1350-8
Zhang F, Zhao J, Hu D, Shao J, Sheng Q (2019) Evolution of bulk compressibility and permeability of granite due to thermal cracking. Géotechnique 69(10):906–916. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.18.P.005
Zhao Z (2015) Thermal influence on mechanical properties of granite: a microcracking perspective. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(3):747–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0767-1
Zhao Y, Feng Z, Xi B, Wan Z, Yang D, Liang W (2015) Deformation and instability failure of borehole at high temperature and high pressure in hot dry rock exploitation. Renew Energy 77:159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.11.086
Zhao Z, Dou Z, Xu H, Liu Z (2019) Shear behavior of Beishan granite fractures after thermal treatment. Eng Fract Mech 213:223–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.04.012
Zhu D, Jing H, Yin Q, Han G (2018) Experimental study on the damage of granite by acoustic emission after cyclic heating and cooling with circulating water. Processes 6(8):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr6080101
Zuo J, Xie H, Zhou H, Peng S (2007) Experimental research on thermal cracking of sandstone under different temperature. Chin J Geophys 04:1150–1155
Acknowledgments
We thank for the supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41772333), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No.2018JQ5124), and the Shaanxi Province New-Star Talents Project of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2019KJXX-049). We would also like to acknowledge the entire team for their efforts.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shen, Y., Hou, X., Yuan, J. et al. Thermal deterioration of high-temperature granite after cooling shock: multiple-identification and damage mechanism. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79, 5385–5398 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01888-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01888-7