Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effects of cyclic freezing and thawing on dried and saturated sandstone cores. Both static and dynamic tests were performed to determine the static stress-strain relationship, uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, dynamic stress-strain relationship, dynamic strength and dynamic energy absorption capacity of dried and saturated sandstone specimens under different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles. The degradation in several mechanical properties were discussed, and exponential equations were introduced to describe the freeze-thaw cycling effects on the static and dynamic mechanical behaviors. The results show that both the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the dried and saturated sandstone samples decrease with an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles. Both the static uniaxial compressive strength and dynamic strength of dried sandstone are greater than those of saturated sandstone, while both the static elastic modulus and dynamic energy absorption capacity of dried sandstone are less than those of saturated sandstone. The degradation of the dried and saturated sandstone cores mainly occurs during the first 20 freeze-thaw cycles. Moreover, the same exponential equation can be utilized to describe the freeze-thaw effects on the static behavior and dynamic behavior, with good agreement.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aoki K, Hibiya K, Yoshida T (1990) Storage of refrigerated liquefied gases in rock caverns: characteristics of rock under very low temperatures. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 5(4):319–325
Basu A, Mishra DA, Roychowdhury K (2013) Rock failure modes under uniaxial compression, Brazilian, and point load tests. Bull Eng Geol Environ 72(3–4):457–475
Bayram F (2012) Predicting mechanical strength loss of natural stones after freeze-thaw in cold regions. Cold Reg Sci Technol 83:98–102
Bi J, Zhou XP, Xu XM (2016) Numerical simulation of failure process of rock-like materials subjected to impact loads. Int J Geomech 17(3):04016073
Carpinteri A, Ferretti D, Fortese G, Ronchei C, Scorza D, Vantadori S (2015) Mode I fracture toughness of the thermally pretreated red Verona marble by means of the two-parameter model. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 38(12):1529–1538
Celik MY (2017) Water absorption and P-wave velocity changes during freeze–thaw weathering process of crosscut travertine rocks. Environ Earth Sci 76(12):409
Chen TC, Yeung MR, Mori N (2004) Effect of water saturation on deterioration of welded tuff due to freeze-thaw action. Cold Reg Sci Technol 38:127–136
Dai F, Xu Y, Zhao T, Xu NW, Liu Y (2016) Loading-rate-dependent progressive fracturing of cracked Chevron-notched Brazilian disk specimens in split Hopkinson pressure bar tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 88:49–60
de Argandona VGR, Rey AR, Celorio C, del Rio LMS, Calleja L, Llavona J (1999) Characterization by computed X-ray tomography of the evolution of the pore structure of a dolomite rock during freeze-thaw cyclic tests. Phys Chem Earth Solid Earth Geod 24(7):633–637
Ding Q, Song S (2016) Experimental investigation of the relationship between the P-wave velocity and the mechanical properties of damaged sandstone. Adv Mater Sci Eng 7654234:10
Fan LF, Wu ZJ, Wan Z, Gao JW (2017) Experimental investigation of thermal effects on dynamic behavior of granite. Appl Therm Eng 125:94–103
Fan LF, Zhou XF, Wu ZJ, Wang LJ (2019) Investigation of stress wave induced cracking behavior of underground rock mass by the numerical manifold method. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 92:103032
Fang X, Xu J, Wang P (2018) Compressive failure characteristics of yellow sandstone subjected to the coupling effects of chemical corrosion and repeated freezing and thawing. Eng Geol 233:160–171
Fu H, Zhang J, Huang Z, Shi Y, Chen W (2018) A statistical model for predicting the triaxial compressive strength of transversely isotropic rocks subjected to freeze–thaw cycling. Cold Reg Sci Technol 145:237–248
GBT-50266 (2013) Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass. China Electricity Council, Beijing
Ghobadi MH, Torabi-Kaveh M (2014) Assessing the potential for deterioration of limestones forming Taq-e Bostan monuments under freeze-thaw weathering and karst development. Environ Earth Sci 72(12):5035–5047
Han T, Shi J, Chen Y, Cao X (2017) Physical and mechanical properties of marble under the combined effects of chemical solutions and freeze–thaw cycles. Geotech Test J 40(6):2016–2025
Huang S, Liu Q, Cheng A, Liu Y (2018) A statistical damage constitutive model under freeze-thaw and loading for rock and its engineering application. Cold Reg Sci Technol 145:142–150
Huang S, Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Cai Y (2019) Strength and failure characteristics of rock-like material containing single crack under freeze-thaw and uniaxial compression. Cold Reg Sci Technol 162:1–10
Jiang H, Mo Z, Hou X, Wang H (2017) Association rules between the microstructure and physical mechanical properties of pock-mass under coupled effect of freeze-thaw cycles and large temperature difference. Sains Malays 46(11):2215–2221
Jiao YY, Zhang XL, Zhao J, Liu QS (2007) Viscous boundary of DDA for modeling stress wave propagation in jointed rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44(7):1070–1076
Jiao YY, Zhang HQ, Tang HM, Zhang XL, Adoko AC, Tian HN (2014) Simulating the process of reservoir-impoundment induced landslide using the extended DDA method. Eng Geol 182:37–48
Khanlari G, Sahamieh RZ, Abdilor Y (2015) The effect of freeze–thaw cycles on physical and mechanical properties of upper red formation sandstones, central part of Iran. Arab J Geosci 8(8):5991–6001
Li X, Lok TS, Zhao J (2005) Dynamic characteristics of granite subjected to intermediate loading rate. Rock Mech Rock Eng 38(1):21–39
Liu Y, Dai F (2018) A damage constitutive model for intermittent jointed rocks under cyclic uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 103:289–301
Ma QY, Ma DD, Yao ZM (2018) Influence of freeze-thaw cycles on dynamic compressive strength and energy distribution of soft rock specimen. Cold Reg Sci Technol 153:10–17
Matsuoka N (1990) Mechanisms of rock breakdown by frost action: an experimental approach. Cold Reg Sci Technol 17:253–270
Mu J, Pei X, Huang R, Rengers N, Zou X (2017) Degradation characteristics of shear strength of joints in three rock types due to cyclic freezing and thawing. Cold Reg Sci Technol 138:91–97
Noor-E-Khuda S, Albermani F, Veidt M (2017) Flexural strength of weathered granites: influence of freeze and thaw cycles. Constr Build Mater 156:891–901
Park J, Park HD (2017) The effect of frost weathering at the dinosaur tracksite in Seoyu-ri, Hwasun, Korea. Bull Eng Geol Environ 76(4):1417–1429
Park J, Hyun CU, Park HD (2015) Changes in microstructure and physical properties of rocks caused by artificial freeze–thaw action. Bull Eng Geol Environ 74(2):555–565
Ruedrich J, Kirchner D, Siegesmund S (2011) Physical weathering of building stones induced by freeze-thaw action: a laboratory longterm study. Environ Earth Sci 63:1573–1586
Tan X, Chen W, Yang J, Cao J (2011) Laboratory investigations on the mechanical properties degradation of granite under freeze-thaw cycles. Cold Reg Sci Technol 68(3):130–138
Tarasov BG (1990) Simplified method for determining the extent to which strain rate affects the strength and energy capacity of rock fracture. J Min Sci 26(4):315–320
Ulusay R (2015) The ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 2007–2014. Springer International Publishing, Cham
Wu W, Zhang W, Ma G (2010) Mechanical properties of copper slag reinforced concrete under dynamic compression. Constr Build Mater 24(6):910–917
Wu W, Li HB, Zhao J (2015) Dynamic responses of non-welded and welded rock fractures and implications for P-wave attenuation in a rock mass. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 77:174–181
Wu Z, Zhang P, Fan L, Liu Q (2019) Numerical study of the effect of confining pressure on the rock breakage efficiency and fragment size distribution of a TBM cutter using a coupled FEM-DEM method. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 88:260–275
Yang SQ, Yang DS, Jing HW, Li YH, Wang SY (2012) An experimental study of the fracture coalescence behaviour of brittle sandstone specimens containing three fissures. Rock Mech Rock Eng 45:563–582
Yang N, Zhou K, Lei T, Li J, Bin F (2016) Sandstones dynamic mechanical properties and failure characteristics under freeze-thaw cycles. Chin J Nonferrous Met 26(10):2181–2187
Yavuz H (2010) Effect of freeze-thaw and thermal shock weathering on the physical and mechanical properties of an andesite stone. Bull Eng Geol Environ 70:187–192
Yu J, Chen X, Li H, Zhou J, Cai Y (2015) Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on mechanical properties and permeability of red sandstone under triaxial compression. J Mt Sci Eng 12(1):218–231
Zhang J, Deng HG, Taheri A, Ke B, Liu C, Yang XG (2018) Degradation of physical and mechanical properties of sandstone subjected to freeze-thaw cycles and chemical erosion. Cold Reg Sci Technol 155:37–46
Zhou XP, Bi J (2017) Numerical simulation of thermal cracking in rocks based on general particle dynamics. J Eng Mech 144(1):04017156
Zhou Z, Li X, Ye Z, Liu K (2010) Obtaining constitutive relationship for rate-dependent rock in SHPB tests. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43(6):697–706
Zhou Y, Xia K, Li X, Li H, Ma G, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Dai F (2012) Suggested methods for determining the dynamic strength parameters and mode-I fracture toughness of rock materials. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 49:105–112
Zhou K, Lin B, Li J, Deng H, Bin F (2015) Microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties of rock under freeze–thaw environment. Trans Nonferrous Metal Soc China 25(4):1254–1261
Zou C, Wong LNY (2014) Experimental studies on cracking processes and failure in marble under dynamic loading. Eng Geol 173:19–31
Zou C, Wong LNY, Loo JJ, Gan BS (2016) Different mechanical and cracking behaviors of single-flawed brittle gypsum specimens under dynamic and quasi-static loadings. Eng Geol 201:71–84
Acknowledgements
The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 11572282, 51778021 and 41772309).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fan, L., Xu, C. & Wu, Z. Effects of cyclic freezing and thawing on the mechanical behavior of dried and saturated sandstone. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79, 755–765 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01586-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01586-z