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Geohydrological properties of selected badland sediments in Saskatchewan, Canada

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Abstract

Geological and seasonal weather variations govern the geohydrological properties of the Avonlea badlands in Saskatchewan, Canada. Three surface sediments exhibiting distinct lithologic variations were found: a steeply sloped and fissured sandstone; a mildly sloped and popcorn-textured mudrock; and a flat and eroded pediment. The fines content increased from the dry to the wet state, with contents of 17–33 % seen for sandstone, 4–98 % for mudrock, and 21–42 % for pediment. The water adsorption capacity was found to be highest for mudrock (w l = 96 % and w p = 47 %), followed by sandstone (w l = 39 % and w p = 31 %), and then by pediment (w l = 31 % and w p = 23 %). The soil water characteristic curves of sandstone and mudrock showed bimodal distributions with a low air entry value (6 and 9 kPa) pertaining to drainage through cracks and a high air entry value (160 and 92 kPa) associated with flow through the soil matrix. The pediment presented a unimodal soil water characteristic curve with a single matrix air entry value of 4 kPa. The saturated hydraulic conductivities for sandstone, mudrock, and pediment were measured as 8.5 × 10−6, 4.0 × 10−8, and 1.8 × 10−5 m/s, respectively.

Résumé

Les variations géologiques et climatiques saisonnières régissent les propriétés hydrogéologiques des terres arides (badlands) dans la région d’ Avonlea en Saskatchewan (Canada). Trois sédiments de surface présentant des variations lithologiques distincts ont été trouvés: une région de grès avec une pente raide et fissurée; une région de mudrock légèrement en pente et texture en popcorn avec un pédiment plat et érodé. La teneur en particules fines a augmenté de l’état sec à humide avec un contenu de 17-33 % observés pour le grès, 4-98 % pour la mudrock, et 21-42 % pour le fronton. La capacité d’adsorption de l’eau a été jugée la plus élevée pour la mudrock (w l = 96 % et w p = 47 %), suivie par le grès (w l = 39 % et w p = 31 %), puis par le pédiment (w l = 31 % et w p = 23 %). La courbe d’eau caractéristique des sols de grès et de la mudrock montre des distributions bimodales avec une valeur d’entrée d’air faible (6 kPa et 9 kPa) se rapportant à un drainage à travers les fissures et une valeur d’ entrée d’air élevée (160 kPa et 92 kPa) associée à l’écoulement à travers la matrice du sol. Le pédiment présente une courbe caractéristique de l’eau du sol unimodale avec une seule valeur d’entrée d’air de la matrice de 4 kPa. Les conductivités hydrauliques à saturation du grès, de la mudrock et du pédiment ont été de 8,5 × 10−6 m / sec, de 4,0 × 10−8 m / s et de 1,8 × 10-5 m / sec respectivement.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the University of Regina for providing laboratory space and SoilVision Systems Ltd. for providing the computer software. We also extend our sincere thanks to Mr. Peter Gutiw for his help during site investigations.

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Correspondence to Shahid Azam.

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Azam, S., Khan, F. Geohydrological properties of selected badland sediments in Saskatchewan, Canada. Bull Eng Geol Environ 73, 389–399 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-013-0536-x

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