Abstract
Recent examples show that strong earthquakes can cause damage to dams, notably tailings or hydraulic fill dams or relatively small earth fill embankments. Liquefaction is known to be one of the most dangerous consequences of the dynamic loading of an embankment dam and hence must be considered during the dam site selection and construction stages. This paper presents the liquefaction analyses undertaken for the Demirözü dam site in Northeast Turkey. The liquefaction assessments are mainly based on field-performance data using SPT- and CPT-based methods in conjunction with the results of the available cyclic triaxial tests. The presence of a very shallow groundwater table, loose sandy layers and the seismic features of the region result in a high susceptibility to liquefaction. The results obtained from the SPT- and CPT-based criteria for evaluating the liquefaction potential are generally consistent and show that the thickness of the liquefiable layers increases in the area between the left bank and the central part of the proposed dam. Further studies are required to evaluate the suitability and efficiency of measures which could be taken to avoid liquefaction-induced problems at the dam site.
Résumé
De récents exemples montrent que les forts séismes peuvent endommager les barrages, en particulier les digues à stériles, les barrages construits par remblayage hydraulique et les barrages en terre de faible hauteur. La liquéfaction est reconnue comme l’une des conséquences les plus dangereuses de la sollicitation dynamique s’exerçant sur un barrage en terre. Elle doit donc être prise en compte dans le choix du site du barrage et lors des étapes de construction. L’article présente les études sur la liquéfaction réalisées pour le site du barrage de Demirözü dans le nord-est de la Turquie. L’évaluation du risque de liquéfaction est basée principalement sur des données de terrain obtenues par les méthodes SPT et CPT, confrontées à des résultats d’essais triaxiaux cycliques. La présence d’une surface piézométrique à faible profondeur, de niveaux de sables lâches et les caractéristiques sismiques de la région concourent à définir une sensibilité à la liquéfaction. Les résultats obtenus à partir des critères fondés sur les essais SPT et CPT pour évaluer un potentiel de liquéfaction se sont avérés généralement pertinents. De plus, il est apparu que l’épaisseur des niveaux susceptibles de se liquéfier augmente depuis la rive gauche vers la partie centrale du site proposé pour le barrage. Des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour définir les mesures adaptées qui pourraient être mises en oeuvre pour éviter le risque de liquéfaction au niveau du barrage.
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The authors gratefully acknowledge Ece Tur Construction Comp. for the data provided and help during site investigations.
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Ulusay, R., Tuncay, E. & Hasancebi, N. Liquefaction assessments by field-based methodologies: foundation soils at a dam site in Northeast Turkey. Bull Eng Geol Environ 66, 361–375 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-006-0071-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-006-0071-0