Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ob die Leistung von Ärzten mit zunehmender Berufserfahrung immer besser wird, ist primär nicht eindeutig zu beantworten.
Methodik
Dieser Übersichtsartikel trägt empirische Daten zusammen und bereitet sie vor dem Hintergrund der Ausbildungsforschung auf.
Ergebnisse
Die Leistungskurven im Bereich der physischen Fähigkeiten und der Wissensbasis nehmen mit dem Alter zunehmend ab, während die Wissensorganisation mit zunehmender Erfahrung effizienter wird und immer deutlicher Muster identifiziert. Welches Endergebnis schließlich aus der Überlagerung dieser beiden gegenläufigen Entwicklungen resultiert, ist abhängig von der Art des Umgangs mit der entsprechenden Leistungsdomäne. Ausschlag gebend für eine positive Entwicklung sind der Einsatz von reflektiertem Training („deliberate practice“), die aktive Haltung zur Einforderung von Feedback („feedback seeking behaviour“) und einer realistischen selbstgesteuerten Selbsteinschätzung („self-assessment“).
Abstract
Background
It is not primarily certain whether physician performance improves with increasing time of practice.
Methods
This review summarizes empirical data from educational and expertise research in the field of medicine.
Results
In the field of physical capabilities and knowledge base, performance declines with age. As a counter-development organization of knowledge becomes more efficient by the increasing ability to identify specific patterns (illness scripts). What kind of resulting performance develops from these diverging principles is dependent on the approach and attitude towards the respective domain. Conditions promoting a positive development are the use of deliberate practice, an active behaviour in seeking feedback and the development of a realistic self-directed fashion of self-assessment.
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Breckwoldt, J., Gruber, H. Werden wir immer besser?. Notfall Rettungsmed 15, 207–212 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-011-1520-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-011-1520-2