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Präklinische Hypothermie nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand

Eine Umfrage zur außerklinischen Versorgung reanimierter Patienten in den Notarztstandorten Baden-Württembergs

Prehospital hypothermia after cardiac arrest

A survey of the emergency physician-based ambulance system in Baden-Wuerttemberg Germany

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Internationale Leitlinien empfehlen die frühestmögliche Einleitung der milden therapeutischen Hypothermie bei komatösen Patienten nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Klinische Studien spiegelten bereits die Praktikabilität und Effizienz der präklinischen Kühlungsbehandlung wider. Inwieweit der in Deutschland bereitgestellte arztbesetzte Rettungsdienst die präklinische Kühlungsbehandlung flächendeckend durchführt, ist unklar.

Methode

In den 139 Notarztstandorten Baden-Württembergs (ca. 10,7 Mio. Einwohner) wurde eine Umfrage zur Versorgung präklinisch reanimierter Patienten durchgeführt. Der Hauptaugenmerk lag dabei auf der Durchführung einer außerklinischen Hypothermiebehandlung, der Versorgung in der Zielklinik sowie der Existenz von Algorithmen im Notarztwesen. Die Notarztstandorte wurden zum präklinischen Einsatz der Kühlungsbehandlung sowie zu den durchgeführten Kühlmethoden und bestehenden Versorgungsstrategien der außerklinisch reanimierten Patienten befragt.

Ergebnisse

In Baden-Württemberg kühlen nur 17,7% aller Notarztstandorte regelhaft nach Reanimation noch vor der Klinikeinweisung. Als Ursachen für die Nichtdurchführung der prähospitalen Kühlung werden vorrangig logistische Gründe angegeben. In Herz-Kreislauf-Zentren ist häufiger die Möglichkeit einer therapeutischen Hypothermie gegeben. Standardisierte Algorithmen existieren bereits in 53,1% aller befragten Standorte. Sie führen zu einer häufigeren und konsequenteren Umsetzung präklinischer Versorgungsstrategien.

Schlussfolgerung

In Baden-Württemberg werden weniger als ein Fünftel aller Opfer eines Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands außerklinisch regelhaft einer neuroprotektiven Hypothermie unterzogen. Durch standardisierte Algorithmen kann die Umsetzung internationaler Empfehlungen gesteigert und dadurch schon präklinisch eine effiziente Postreanimationstherapie eingeleitet werden.

Abstract:

Backround

International guidelines recommend initiation of mild therapeutic hypothermia in unconscious patients after cardiac arrest as soon as possible and clinical studies have shown the practicability and efficiency of prehospital-induced hypothermia.

Methods

In this study a survey of the emergency physician-based ambulance system in Baden-Wuerttemberg, a German State with about 10.7 million inhabitants, was performed to evaluate treatment and strategies of patients after prehospital cardiac arrest with the focus on out-of-hospital induction of hypothermia, logistics and the existence of algorithms in the emergency medical service.

Results

Only 17.7% of all emergency physician-based ambulance services in Baden-Wuerttemberg frequently treat patients with hypothermia before hospital admission. Logistical problems seem to be the main reasons not to induce hypothermia in the field. Therapeutic mild hypothermia is more often practiced in specialized cardiac arrest centres and 53.1% of all emergency physician bases have standardized algorithms available. The algorithms lead to frequent and more consistent implementation of prehospital treatment strategies.

Conclusions

In the emergency physician-based ambulance system in Baden-Wuerttemberg after successful resuscitation only 20% of patients are treated with hypothermia before hospital admission. The specific use of algorithms in emergency medical services increases the implementation of international recommendations.

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Busch, HJ., Brendle, V., Bode, C. et al. Präklinische Hypothermie nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Notfall Rettungsmed 15, 327–333 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-011-1474-4

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