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Adipose tissue behavior is distinctly regulated by neighboring cells and fluid flow stress: a possible role of adipose tissue in peritoneal fibrosis

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Abstract

Adipose tissue, together with the mesothelial layer and microvessels, is a major component of the mesenteric peritoneum, and the mesenterium is a target site for peritoneal fibrosis. Adipose tissue has been speculated to play a role in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related fibrosis, but the precise cellular kinetics of adipose tissue during this process remain to be determined. To clarify this critical issue, we analyzed the kinetics of adipose tissue using a novel peritoneal reconstruction model in which the effects of mesothelial cells or endothelial cells could be identified. Adipose tissue was co-cultured with mesothelial cells or endothelial cells in a combined organ culture and fluid flow stress culture system. Spindle mesenchymal cells and immature adipocytes derived from adipose tissue were characterized by immunohistochemistry. Adipose tissue fragments cultured in this system yielded many spindle mesenchymal cells in non-co-culture conditions. However, the number of spindle mesenchymal cells emerging from adipose tissue was reduced in co-culture conditions with a covering layer of mesothelial cells. Mesothelial cells co-cultured in the separated condition did not inhibit the emergence of spindle mesenchymal cells from adipose tissue. Interestingly, endothelial cells promoted the emergence of lipid-laden immature adipocytes from adipose tissue under fluid flow stress. We have demonstrated that adipose tissue behavior is not only regulated by mesothelial cells and endothelial cells under fluid flow stress, but is also involved in fibrosis and fat mass production in the peritoneum. Our findings suggest that adipose tissue is a potential source of cells for peritoneal fibrosis caused by PD therapy.

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Acknowledgments

We thank H. Ideguchi, M. Nishida, F. Mutoh, S. Nakahara, and I. Nanbu for excellent technical assistance. We are grateful to Dr. T. Kishi and Dr. J. Makino for discussions and to Mr. K. Tokaichi for refining the English of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for Scientific Research (nos. 22590740 and 23591050 to S.T.) and by the Japan Baxter PD Fund (K.U.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan

    Shigehisa Aoki, Satoshi Ikeda, Kazuyoshi Uchihashi, Aki Nishijima-Matsunobu & Shuji Toda

  2. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan

    Kazuma Udo & Mitsuru Noguchi

  3. Department of Anatomy, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hiroyuki Morimoto

  4. Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan

    Toshiaki Takezawa

  5. Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hajime Sugihara

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  1. Shigehisa Aoki
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  2. Kazuma Udo
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  3. Hiroyuki Morimoto
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  4. Satoshi Ikeda
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  6. Kazuyoshi Uchihashi
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Correspondence to Shigehisa Aoki or Shuji Toda.

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Aoki, S., Udo, K., Morimoto, H. et al. Adipose tissue behavior is distinctly regulated by neighboring cells and fluid flow stress: a possible role of adipose tissue in peritoneal fibrosis. J Artif Organs 16, 322–331 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10047-013-0702-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10047-013-0702-8

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