Abstract
In this paper, music genre taxonomies are used to design hierarchical classifiers that perform better than flat classifiers. More precisely, a novel method based on sequential pattern mining techniques is proposed for the extraction of relevant characteristics that enable to propose a vector representation of music genres. From this representation, the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm is used to produce music genre taxonomies. Experiments are realized on the GTZAN dataset for performances evaluation. A second evaluation on GTZAN augmented by Afro genres has been made. The results show that the hierarchical classifiers obtained with the proposed taxonomies reach accuracies of 91.6 % (more than 7 % higher than the performances of the existing hierarchical classifiers).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tietche BH, Romain O, Denby B, De Dieuleveult F (2012) FPGA-based simultaneous multichannel fm broadcast receiver for audio indexing applications in consumer electronics scenarios. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 58(4):1153–1161
Brecheisen S, Kriegel H-P, Kunath P, Pryakhin A (2006) Hierarchical genre classification for large music collections. In: Multimedia and expo, 2006 IEEE international conference on, pp 1385–1388
Costa E, Lorena A, Carvalho ACPLF, Freitas A (2007) A review of performance evaluation measures for hierarchical classifiers. In: Evaluation methods for machine learning II: papers from the AAAI-2007 workshop, pp 1–6
Li T, Ogihara M (2005) Music genre classification with taxonomy. In: Acoustics, speech, and signal processing, 2005. In: Proceedings.(ICASSP’05). IEEE international conference on, vol. 5, pp. v-197
Silla Jr CN, Freitas A et al (2009) Novel top-down approaches for hierarchical classification and their application to automatic music genre classification. In: Systems, man and cybernetics, 2009. SMC 2009. IEEE international conference on, pp 3499–3504
Burred JJ, Lerch A (2003) A hierarchical approach to automatic musical genre classification. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on digital audio effects, pp 8–11
Ariyaratne HB, Zhang D (2012) A novel automatic hierarchical approach to music genre classification. In: Multimedia and expo workshops (ICMEW), 2012 IEEE international conference on, pp 564–569
Bağcı U, Erzin E (2005) Boosting classifiers for music genre classification. Comput Inf Sci-ISCIS 2005:575–584
Shao X, Xu C, Kankanhalli MS (2004) Unsupervised classification of music genre using hidden markov model. In: Multimedia and expo, 2004. ICME’04. 2004 IEEE international conference on, vol 3, pp 2023–2026
Pachet F, Cazaly D et al (2000) A taxonomy of musical genres. RIAO, pp 1238–1245
Witten IH, Frank E (2005) Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques
Aggarwal CC, Wolf JL, Yu PS, Procopiuc C, Park JS (1999) Fast algorithms for projected clustering. ACM SIGMoD Rec 28(2):61–72
Doraisamy S, Golzari S, Mohd N, Sulaiman MN, Udzir NI (2008) A study on feature selection and classification techniques for automatic genre classification of traditional malay music. In: ISMIR, pp 331–336
Conklin D (2009) Melody classification using patterns. In: Second international workshop on machine learning and music, pp 37-41
Lin C-R, Liu N-H, Wu Y-H, Chen ALP (2004) Music classification using significant repeating patterns. Database systems for advanced applications, pp 506–518
Ren J-M, Chen Z-S, Jang JSR (2010) On the use of sequential patterns mining as temporal features for music genre classification. In: IEEE international conference on acoustics speech and signal processing (ICASSP), pp 2294–2297
Ren J-M, Jang JSR (2011) Time-constrained sequential pattern discovery for music genre classification. In: IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP), pp 173–176
Pei J, Han J, Mortazavi-Asl B, Pinto H, Chen Q, Dayal U, Hsu M-C (2001) Prefixspan: mining sequential patterns efficiently by prefix-projected pattern growth. ICCCN, pp 02-15
Agrawal R, Srikant R (1994) Fast algorithms for mining association rules. In: Proceedings of 20th international conference on very large data bases. VLDB 1215:487–499
Srikant R, Agrawal R (1996) Mining quantitative association rules in large relational tables. ACM SIGMOD Rec 25(2):1–12
Zaki MJ (2000) Scalable algorithms for association mining. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 12(3):372–390
Han J, Pei J, Mortazavi-Asl B, Chen Q, Dayal U, Hsu M-C (2000) FreeSpan: frequent pattern-projected sequential pattern mining. In: Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, pp 355–359
Rao VCS, Sammulal P (2013) Survey on sequential pattern mining algorithms. Int J Comput Appl 76(12):24–31
George T, Georg E, Perry C (2001) Automatic musical genre classification of audio signals. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on music information retrieval, Indiana
Mitrović D, Zeppelzauer M, Breiteneder C (2010) Features for content-based audio retrieval. Adv Comput 78:71–150
Lidy T, Rauber A (2005) Evaluation of feature extractors and psycho-acoustic transformations for music genre classification. ISMIR, pp 34-41
www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/mir/muscle/del/audio_extraction_tools.html
Sudhir R (2011) A survey on image mining techniques: theory and applications. Comput Eng Intell Syst 2(6):44–53
Asghar MN, Hussain F, Manton R (2014) Video indexing: a survey. framework, vol 3(01)
Fernando B, Fromont E, Tuytelaars T (2012) Effective use of frequent itemset mining for image classification. In: European conference on computer vision, pp 214–227
Lesh N, Zaki MJ, Oglhara M (2000) Scalable feature mining for sequential data. Intell Syst Appl 15(2):48–56
Sturm BL (2012) An analysis of the GTZAN music genre dataset. In: Proceedings of the second international ACM workshop on music information retrieval with user-centered and multimodal strategies, pp 7–12
Iloga S, Romain O, Bendaouia L, Tchuente M (2014) Musical genres classification using Markov models. In: Audio, language and image processing (ICALIP), 2014 international conference on, pp 701–705
da Silva V, and Winck AT (2014) Multi-label classification of music into genres
Nicolas Scaringella, Giorgio Zoia, Daniel Mlynek (2006) Automatic genre classification of music content: a survey. Signal Processing Magazine 23(2):133–141
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Iloga, S., Romain, O. & Tchuenté, M. A sequential pattern mining approach to design taxonomies for hierarchical music genre recognition. Pattern Anal Applic 21, 363–380 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-016-0582-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-016-0582-7