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Lightness modification method considering visual characteristics of protanopia and deuteranopia

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Abstract

We live in a colorful world, and it is important for us to receive visual information from colors in situations such as when we read a map. However, such important color-based information cannot be accurately received by some people. These people generally have some type of color vision deficiency such as protanopia or deuteranopia. It is important to realize their difficulties in recognizing differences in colors and provide a solution to this problem. We have proposed a lightness modification method that is designed to convey color information to protanopes and deuteranopes. The proposed method modifies the lightness of an input image by considering color differences so that the modified output image presents visual information for protanopes and deuteranopes. The proposed method changes the lightness of an image without changing the hue. Compared with existing hue changing methods, the output image obtained by the proposed method has more natural colors. Compared with existing lightness modification methods, the output image obtained by the proposed method has more contrast. In this paper, improvement points and parameter setting about the proposed method is described in details. We conducted experiments to show features of the proposed method against existing methods. In addition, we also show the limitation of the proposed method in this paper.

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Notes

  1. Although N is set to 3 in Ref. [29], N is set to 1 here for simplicity of explain and it does not affect the essential characteristics of the lightness modification.

  2. \(J'_{\rho ,i}\) is defined in the same way as Eqs. (23)–(25). In the case of \(J'_{\rho ,i}\), \(w_{ij}\) in Eq. (25) is substituted by \(w'_{ij}\).

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  1. Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan

    Meng Meng & Go Tanaka

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  1. Meng Meng
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  2. Go Tanaka
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Correspondence to Go Tanaka.

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Appendix: Influence of similar color area in lightness modification

Appendix: Influence of similar color area in lightness modification

The objective function (Eq. (4)) of the previous method calculates error of the lightness difference in the output image and the signed color distance \(\delta '\). In the indistinguishable area (with large color difference), \(\delta '\) is large. With inappropriate combination coefficients, the error generating from these indistinguishable area becomes large. On the other hand, \(\delta '\) is small on pixel pair in the similar color area (with small color difference). In this area, values of pixels in base images are also similar. Therefore, the error generated from the similar color area is small with any combination coefficients even if the value of weight is large. That is, the influence of the similar color area on the optimization is small.

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Meng, M., Tanaka, G. Lightness modification method considering visual characteristics of protanopia and deuteranopia. Opt Rev 27, 548–560 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-020-00625-5

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