Abstract
Groundwater flow in an aquifer has frequently been found to be non-Darcian. In this study, a transient model of a variable-rate pumping test in a confined aquifer was established considering non-Darcian flow in the aquifer. A piecewise-linear function was adopted to reproduce the variability in pumping rate, and the classical Izbash equation was employed to describe the non-Darcian flow. The type-curve analysis suggested that a smaller quasi-conductivity will result in an earlier deviation and a smaller extent of the decreasing features in the drawdown under the condition of a linearly decreasing pumping rate compared to that under the condition of a constant pumping rate. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the variability in pumping rates under non-Darcian flow can increase the sensitivity of drawdown to the radius of the well casing at inflection times of the discrete linear stages, and drawdown closer to the pumping well is more sensitive to the change in the well casing. A type-curve method was proposed and employed to interpret the pumping test data, which were collected at a field site located in Wuxi city, Jiangsu Province, China. The parameter estimates indicate a high possibility of the occurrence of prelinear flow in the aquifer of interest.
Résumé
On a souvent constaté que l’écoulement des eaux souterraines dans un aquifère ne correspondait pas à l’équation de Darcy. Dans cette étude, un modèle transitoire d’un pompage d’essai à débit variable dans un aquifère captif a été établi en tenant compte d’un écoulement de type non Darcy dans l’aquifère. Une fonction linéaire par section a été adoptée pour reproduire la variabilité du débit de pompage, et l’équation classique d’Izbash a été utilisée pour décrire l’écoulement de type non Darcy. L’analyse de la courbe type suggère qu’une quasi conductivité plus petite entrainerait un écart plus précoce et une moindre étendue des caractéristiques décroissantes dans le rabattement en condition de débit de pompage décroissant linéairement en comparaison à celui obtenu en condition de débit de pompage constant. L’analyse de sensibilité indique que la variabilité des débits de pompage pour des écoulements de type non Darcy peut augmenter la sensibilité du rabattement au rayon du tubage du puits aux moments d’inflexion des états linéaires discrets, et que le rabattement plus près du puits de pompage est plus sensible au changement au niveau du forage. Une méthode de courbe type a été proposée et utilisée pour interpréter les données du pompage d’essai, qui ont été collectées sur un site situé dans la ville de Wuxi, province du Jiangsu, Chine. Les estimations des paramètres indiquent une possibilité élevée de l’occurrence d’un écoulement pré-linéaire dans l’aquifère d’intérêt.
Resumen
Con frecuencia se ha encontrado que el flujo de agua subterránea en un acuífero no es Darciano. En el presente estudio, se elaboró un modelo transitorio para un ensayo de bombeo de caudal variable en un acuífero confinado, teniendo en cuenta el flujo no darciano en el acuífero. Se adoptó una función lineal por partes para reproducir la variabilidad del caudal de bombeo y se empleó la clásica ecuación de Izbash para describir el flujo no Darciano. El análisis de la curva tipo sugirió que una cuasiconductividad menor dará lugar a una desviación más temprana y a una menor extensión de las características decrecientes en la reducción del caudal bajo la condición de una descarga lineal decreciente en comparación con la que se produce bajo la condición de una descarga constante. El análisis de sensibilidad indicó que la variabilidad en el caudal de bombeo bajo un flujo no Darciano puede aumentar la sensibilidad de la reducción de la carga en el radio del revestimiento del pozo en los momentos de inflexión de las etapas lineales discretas, y la reducción de la carga más cerca del pozo de bombeo es más sensible al cambio en el revestimiento en el pozo. Se propuso un método de curva tipo y se empleó para interpretar los datos del ensayo de bombeo, que se recogieron en un lugar de campo situado en la ciudad de Wuxi, provincia de Jiangsu (China). Las estimaciones de los parámetros indican una alta posibilidad de que se produzca un flujo prelineal en el acuífero de interés.
摘要
含水层中非达西流的地下水流普遍存在。在这项研究中,建立了承压含水层中变流量抽水试验的非稳定模型,其中考虑了含水层中的非达西流。采用分段线性函数再现抽水量的变化,并使用经典的Izbash方程来描述非达西流。配比曲线分析表明,与恒定流量条件相比,在线性降低的抽水流条件下,较小的准传导率将导致降深的抽水早期偏差和小范围减小的特征。敏感性分析表明,在非达西流动条件下,抽水量的变化会增加在离散线性阶段的转折点降深对井筒半径的敏感性,而越靠近抽水井的降深对井筒变化的敏感性越高。提出了一种配比曲线方法,并将其用于解释在中国江苏省无锡市一个场地的抽水试验数据。参数估计表明在感兴趣的含水层中极有可能前线性流的存在。
Resumo
O fluxo de águas subterrâneas em um aquífero é frequentemente considerado não-Darciano. Neste estudo, um modelo transiente de um teste de bombeamento de taxa variável em um aquífero confinado foi estabelecido considerando o fluxo não-Darciano no aquífero. Uma função linear por partes foi adotada para reproduzir a variabilidade na taxa de bombeamento, e a equação clássica de Izbash foi empregada para descrever o fluxo não-Darciano. A análise de curva de tipo sugeriu que uma quase-condutividade menor resultaria em um desvio anterior e em uma menor extensão das características decrescentes no rebaixamento sob a condição de uma taxa de bombeamento linearmente decrescente em comparação com a condição de uma taxa de bombeamento constante. A análise de sensibilidade indicou que a variabilidade nas taxas de bombeamento sob fluxo não-Darciano pode aumentar a sensibilidade do rebaixamento ao raio do revestimento do poço em tempos de inflexão dos estágios lineares discretos, e o rebaixamento mais próximo ao poço de bombeamento é mais sensível à mudança no revestimento do poço. Um método de curva de tipo foi proposto e empregado para interpretar os dados do teste de bombeamento, que foram coletados em um campo localizado na cidade de Wuxi, província de Jiangsu, China. As estimativas dos parâmetros indicam uma alta possibilidade de ocorrência de vazão pré-linear no aquífero de interesse.
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Funding
This study was financially supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41572209), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. B200202018) and the Basic Research Program (Natural Science Foundation) of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20190497).
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Li, Y., Zhou, Z., Zhuang, C. et al. Non-Darcian effect on a variable-rate pumping test in a confined aquifer. Hydrogeol J 28, 2853–2863 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02223-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02223-w