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Modeling δ18O as an early indicator of regime shift arising from salinity stress in coastal vegetation

Modélisation du δ18O comme indicateur précoce d’un changement de régime de la végétation côtière résultant du stress salin

Modelado de δ18O como un indicador temprano del cambio de régimen que surge del estrés de salinidad en la vegetación costera

将δ18O模拟为沿海植被盐度胁迫引起转移的早期指标

Modelagem de δ18O como um indicador precoce de mudança de regime devido ao estresse na salinidade na vegetação costeira

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Abstract

In many important coastal habitats, a combination of increasing soil salinization due to sea level rise, reduced precipitation and storm surges may induce regime shift from salinity-intolerant glycophytic vegetation to salinity-tolerant halophytic species. Early detection of regime shift due to salinity stress in vegetation may facilitate conservation efforts. It has been shown that the 18O value of water in the xylem of trees can be used as a surrogate for salinity in the rooting zone of plants. Coupling measured δ18O values in the tree xylem with simulated δ18O values in trees and salinity in the vadose zone can be used to investigate competitive responses of glycophytic versus halophytic trees. MANTRA-O18 simulations suggest that the impacts of salinization on diminishing the resilience of salinity-intolerant trees can be detected up to 25 years before the glycophytic trees are threatened with regime shift to halophytic species. This early detection provides critical lead time and valuable information and insights useful for planning adaptation strategy to mitigate against the adverse impacts of sea level rise and climate change.

Résumé

Dans beaucoup d’habitats côtiers, une combinaison de l’augmentation de la salinité des sols du fait d’une augmentation du niveau marin, de la diminution des pluies et des ondes de tempêtes peut entrainer un changement de régime d’une végétation glycophytique intolérante à la salinité à des espèces halophytiques tolérantes à la salinité. Une détection précoce du changement de régime du fait de la salinité sur la végétation permet de faciliter les efforts de conservation. Il a été montré que la valeur de 18O de l’eau dans les xylèmes des arbres peut être utilisé comme un substitut à la salinité dans la zone racinaire des plantes. Coupler des valeurs mesurées de δ18O dans les xylèmes des arbres avec des valeurs simulées de δ18O des arbres et la salinité de la zone vadose peut être utilisé pour étudier les réponses compétitives entre les arbres glycophytiques et halophytiques. Les simulations de MANTRA-O18 laissent penser que les impacts de la salinisation sur la diminution de la résilience des arbres intolérants à la salinité peuvent être détectés jusqu’à 25 ans avant que les arbres glycophytiques risquent un changement de régime vers des espèces halophytiques. Cette détection précoce fournit un délai important et donne des informations précieuses et des perspectives intéressantes pour planifier les stratégies d’adaptation pour lutter contre les impacts négatifs de la montée du niveau marin et du changement climatique.

Resumen

En muchos hábitats costeros importantes, una combinación del aumento de la salinización del suelo debido al aumento del nivel del mar, la reducción de las precipitaciones y las mareas de tormenta pueden inducir el cambio de régimen de la vegetación glicofítica intolerante a la salinidad a las especies halófitas tolerantes a la salinidad. La detección temprana del cambio de régimen debido al estrés por salinidad en la vegetación puede facilitar los esfuerzos de conservación. Se ha demostrado que el valor de 18O del agua en el xilema de los árboles se puede usar como un sustituto de la salinidad en la zona de enraizamiento de las plantas. El acoplamiento de las mediciones de los valores de δ18O en el xilema del árbol con los valores de δ18O simulados en los árboles y la salinidad en la zona vadosa se puede usar para investigar las respuestas competitivas de los árboles halófitos con todo el detalle de los glicofíticos. Las simulaciones de MANTRA-O18 sugieren que los impactos de la salinización en la disminución de la resistencia de los árboles intolerantes a la salinidad se pueden detectar hasta 25 años antes de que los árboles glicofíticos se vean amenazados con un cambio de régimen a especies halófitas. Esta detección temprana proporciona un tiempo de control crítico e información valiosa y útil para planificar una estrategia de adaptación con el fin de mitigar los impactos adversos del aumento del nivel del mar y el cambio climático.

摘要

在许多重要的沿海栖息地中,由于海平面上升,降水减少和风暴潮导致的土壤盐渍化增加,可能导致从不耐盐度的植物群落到盐度耐受的盐生植物。由于植被中的盐度胁迫而早期发现的政权转移可能有助于保护工作。已经表明,树木的木质部中的水的18O值可以用作植物生根区中盐度的替代物。将树木质部中测量的δ18O值与树木中的模拟δ18O值和渗流区中的盐度耦合,可用于研究盐生植物对盐生植物的竞争反应。 MANTRA-O18模拟表明盐渍化对减少不耐盐树木的恢复力的影响可以在糖化树受到盐胁迫的物种转变之前长达25年被发现。这种早期检测提供了关键的提前期和有价值的信息和见解,有助于规划适应战略,以减轻海平面上升和气候变化的不利影响。

Resumo

Em muitos habitats costeiros importantes, uma combinação do aumento da salinização dos solos devido à elevação do nível do mar, a redução da precipitação e das tempestades podem induzir na mudança de regime de uma vegetação glicofítica, intolerante à salinidade, para espécies halofíticas tolerantes à salinidade. Uma detecção antecipada da mudança de regime devida a um estresse na salinidade da vegetação pode facilitar os esforços de conservação. Assim, tem sido reconhecido que o valor de 18O da água no xilema das árvores pode ser usado como um substituto da salinidade na zona de enraizamento das plantas. A associação dos valores medidos de δ18O no xilema de árvores com os valores simulados de δ18O na árvore e a salinidade na zona vadosa pode ser usada para investigar respostas da competitividade entre as árvores glicofíticas e halofíticas. As simulações MANTRA-O18 sugerem que os impactos da salinização na diminuição da resiliência das árvores intolerante à salinidade podem ser detectados até 25 anos antes que as árvores glicofíticas estejam ameaçadas com mudança de regime para espécies halofíticas. Esta detecção antecipada fornece tempo de ciclo crítico, informações valiosas e percepções úteis para o planejamento de estratégia de adaptação para mitigar os impactos adversos da elevação do nível do mar e da mudança climática.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge and show appreciation to Camille Stagg of the US Geological Survey and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to improve the clarity of the paper. KHL would like to acknowledge the conducive environment provided by the Jeffrey Sachs Centre on Sustainable Development and the Jeffrey Cheah Institute on Southeast Asia, of Sunway University Malaysia, to conduct research on sustainable development. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US government.

Funding

Financial support by FRGS Grant 203/PMATHS/6711569 (“Sea Level Rise Impact on Coastal Groundwater and Vegetation”) and the L’Oreal-UNESCO Women in Science Fellowship 2017 to SYT is gratefully acknowledged. SYT was supported in part by the USGS’s Across Trophic Level System Simulation program. DLD was supported by the USGS’s Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Su Yean Teh

  2. Jeffrey Sachs Center on Sustainable Development, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

    Hock Lye Koh

  3. Jeffrey Cheah Institute on Southeast Asia, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

    Hock Lye Koh

  4. US Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Donald L. DeAngelis

  5. US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Clifford I. Voss

  6. Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA

    Leonel da Silveira Lobo Sternberg

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  1. Su Yean Teh
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  2. Hock Lye Koh
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  3. Donald L. DeAngelis
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  4. Clifford I. Voss
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  5. Leonel da Silveira Lobo Sternberg
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Correspondence to Su Yean Teh.

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Teh, S.Y., Koh, H.L., DeAngelis, D.L. et al. Modeling δ18O as an early indicator of regime shift arising from salinity stress in coastal vegetation. Hydrogeol J 27, 1257–1276 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01930-3

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