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The availability of hydrogeologic data associated with areas identified by the US Geological Survey as experiencing potentially induced seismicity resulting from subsurface injection

La disponibilité des données hydrogéologiques associées aux zones identifies par le service géologique des Etats-Unis d’Amérique comme présentant une sismicité potentiellement induite résultant d’injection dans le sous-sol

La disponibilidad de datos hidrogeológicos asociados con áreas identificadas por el US Geological Survey como que experimentan sismicidad potencialmente inducida a partir de inyección subsuperficial

美国地质调查局确定的经历地表以下注水引起的可能地震活动的区域水文地质数据的可用性

A disponibilidade de dados hidrogeológicos associados com áreas identificadas pelo Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos como vivenciando sismicidade potencialmente induzida resultante de injeção em subsuperfície

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Abstract

A critical need exists for site-specific hydrogeologic data in order to determine potential hazards of induced seismicity and to manage risk. By 2015, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) had identified 17 locations in the USA that are experiencing an increase in seismicity, which may be potentially induced through industrial subsurface injection. These locations span across seven states, which vary in geological setting, industrial exposure and seismic history. Comparing the research across the 17 locations revealed patterns for addressing induced seismicity concerns, despite the differences between geographical locations. Most induced seismicity studies evaluate geologic structure and seismic data from areas experiencing changes in seismic activity levels, but the inherent triggering mechanism is the transmission of hydraulic pressure pulses. This research conducted a systematic review of whether data are available in these locations to generate accurate hydrogeologic predictions, which could aid in managing seismicity. After analyzing peer-reviewed research within the 17 locations, this research confirms a lack of site-specific hydrogeologic data availability for at-risk areas. Commonly, formation geology data are available for these sites, but hydraulic parameters for the seismically active injection and basement zones are not available to researchers conducting peer-reviewed research. Obtaining hydrogeologic data would lead to better risk management for injection areas and provide additional scientific evidential support for determining a potentially induced seismic area.

Résumé

Il existe un besoin critique de données hydrogéologiques spécifiques à des sites afin de déterminer les risques potentiels de sismicité induite et de gérer le risque. En 2015, le service géologique des Etats-Unis d’Amérique (USGS) avait identifié 17 sites aux Etats-Unis d’Amérique qui connaissent une augmentation de sismicité, qui pourrait être induite par l’injection industrielle dans le sous-sol. Ces emplacements couvrent sept Etats, qui varient selon le contexte géologique, l’exposition industrielle et l’histoire sismique. La comparaison des études concernant ces 17 emplacements a révélé des modalités de traitement des problèmes de sismicité induite similaires, malgré les différences de contexte géographique. La plupart des études de sismicité induite évalue la structure géologique et les données sismiques des zones pour lesquelles des changements de niveaux d’activité sismique existent, mais le mécanisme de déclenchement inhérent est. la transmission des impulsions de pression hydraulique. Cette étude a consisté en une revue systématique de la disponibilité des données pour ces sites afin de générer des prévisions hydrogéologiques précises, ce qui pourrait aider à la gestion de la sismicité. Après avoir analysé des recherches évaluées par des pairs pour les 17 sites, l’étude confirme un manque de données hydrogéologiques spécifiques au site pour les zones à risque. Habituellement, les données concernant les formations géologiques sont disponibles pour ces sites, mais les chercheurs qui effectuent des recherches évaluées par des pairs ne disposent pas des paramètres hydrauliques pour les zones d’injection active sismiquement et du sous-sol. L’obtention de données hydrogéologiques conduirait à une meilleure gestion des risques pour les zones d’injection et fournirait un soutien scientifique supplémentaire pour déterminer la zone sismique potentiellement induite.

Resumen

Existe una necesidad crítica de datos hidrogeológicos en sitios específicos para determinar los peligros potenciales y para gestionar el riesgo de la sismicidad inducida. Para 2015, el United States Geological Survey (USGS) había identificado 17 ubicaciones en los EEUU que están experimentando un aumento en la sismicidad, la cual puede ser potencialmente inducida debido a la inyección industrial subsuperficial. Estas ubicaciones abarcan siete estados, que varían en entornos geológicos, exposición industrial e historia sísmica. La comparación de la investigación en las 17 ubicaciones reveló patrones para abordar los problemas de sismicidad inducida, a pesar de las diferencias entre las ubicaciones geográficas. La mayoría de los estudios de sismicidad inducida evalúan la estructura geológica y los datos sísmicos de las áreas que experimentan cambios en los niveles de actividad sísmica, pero el mecanismo desencadenante inherente es la transmisión de pulsos de la presión hidráulica. Esta investigación llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de si los datos están disponibles en estas ubicaciones para generar predicciones hidrogeológicas precisas, que podrían ayudar a controlar la sismicidad. Después de analizar la investigación revisada por pares dentro de las 17 ubicaciones se confirmó la falta de disponibilidad de datos hidrogeológicos de los sitios específicos en las áreas en riesgo. Comúnmente, los datos geológicos están disponibles en estos sitios, pero los parámetros hidráulicos para la inyección en las zonas de basamento sísmicamente activas no están disponibles para los investigadores que realizan los estudios. La obtención de datos hidrogeológicos conduciría a una mejor gestión de riesgos para las áreas de inyección y proporcionaría un apoyo científico adicional para determinar el área sísmica potencialmente inducida.

摘要

对特定场地水文地质数据有急迫的需求以便确定诱发地震活动的可能危害、及管理风险。到2015年,美国地质调查局确定了全国17处地震活动增加的区域,这些区域地震活动的增加可能是由于工业上地表以下注入引起的。这些区域横跨地质背景、工业布局及地震历史各异的7个州。这17处区域尽管地理上存在差异,但对比研究揭示了论述诱发地震关注的模式。大多数诱发地震研究评估了经历地震活动区域的地质结构和地震数据,但固有的诱发机理是水力压力脉冲的传播。本研究系统回顾了这些区域数据是否可用,以得到准确的水文地质预测结果,这些预测结果可以在管理地震活动中提供帮助。在分析了17个区域内同行评议研究之后,本研究确认,处于风险中种的区域缺少特定场地水文地质数据点可用性。通常,对进行同行评议研究的研究人员来说,具有这些区域的地层地质数据,但没有地震上活跃注入带和基岩带的水力参数。获取水文地质数据可对注入区进行更好的风险管理、为确定可能的诱发地震区提供额外的科学证据支持。

Resumo

Uma necessidade fundamental existe para dados hidrogeológicos específicos em local para se determinar danos potenciais de sismicidade induzida e gerenciar riscos. Em 2015, o Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos (USGS) identificou 17 locais nos EUA que passaram por um aumento na sismicidade, que podem ter sido induzidas potencialmente através de injeções industriais em subsuperfície. Esses locais se expandiram por sete estados, que podem variar suas configurações geológicas, exposição às indústrias e em história sísmica. Comparar a pesquisa pelos 17 locais revelou padrões para preocupações no endereçamento na sismicidade induzida, mesmo com as diferenças entre as localizações geográficas. A maior parte dos estudos sobre sismicidade induzida avaliam estrutura geológica e dados sísmicos de áreas que experimentam mudanças nos níveis sísmicos ativos, mas o mecanismo-gatilho inerente é a transmissão de pulsos de pressão hidráulica. Essa pesquisa conduziu uma revisão sistemática de dados climatológicos que estão disponíveis nesses locais para gerar previsões hidrogeológicas com acurácia, que poderiam auxiliar no gerenciamento da sismicidade. Depois de analisar a pesquisa revisada nos 17 locais, esse trabalho confirma a falta de disponibilidade de dados hidrogeológicos específicos no local para áreas em risco. Normalmente, dados de formações geológicas estão disponíveis para esses locais, mas os parâmetros hidráulicos para a injeções ativa de sismicidade e zonas-base não estão disponíveis para os pesquisadores conduzirem uma pesquisa de revisão. Obter dados hidrogeológicos levaria a um melhor gerenciamento de risco para áreas de injeção e forneceria um auxílio evidencial cientifico adicional para determinar uma área sísmica induzida potencialmente.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mark Person and one anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments, which improved the quality of this manuscript.

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Barnes, C., Halihan, T. The availability of hydrogeologic data associated with areas identified by the US Geological Survey as experiencing potentially induced seismicity resulting from subsurface injection. Hydrogeol J 26, 743–754 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1699-5

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