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Review: Approaches to research on CO2/brine two-phase migration in saline aquifers

Analyse: Approches pour étudier la migration bi phasique de CO2/saumure dans des aquifères salins

Revisión: Enfoques para investigar la migración bifásica CO2/salmuera en acuíferos salinos

咸水含水层中CO2/卤水两相迁移的研究方法

Revisão: Abordagens para a pesquisa da migração bifásica CO2/salmoura em aquíferos salinos

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Abstract

Understanding CO2/brine multiphase migration processes is critical for effectively evaluating potential storage capacity, ensuring storage security, and predicting the long-term fate of CO2 storage in saline aquifers. Success depends on the development and application of appropriate research methods. This paper accordingly reviews the progress made in research methods on CO2/brine two-phase migration. Due to intrinsic linkage between CO2 migration and trapping in saline aquifers, prediction of CO2/brine migration processes requires an accurate understanding of CO2 trapping mechanisms. Six recognized physical or geochemical mechanisms, including structural and stratigraphic trapping, residual gas trapping, hydrodynamic trapping, solubility trapping, local capillary trapping and mineral trapping, can impede or prevent CO2 migration according to different dominating variables, and consequently immobilize CO2 in brine formations at varying time and spatial scales. Laboratory experiments, field-scale monitoring and computational modeling are the main approaches in studies on CO2/brine multiphase migration. Different techniques have been designed and developed within each of these methods in terms of physical conditions and spatial scales of multiphase migration phenomena. Due to multi-scale characteristics of CO2/brine multiphase migration processes and complementary relationships among these methods and techniques, different research methods and techniques are often used in combination. Based on a systematic analysis of limitations and weaknesses, improvements are recommended which could potentially increase the accuracy, reliability and applicability of the approaches.

Résumé

Comprendre les processus de migration multiphasique du CO2/saumure est essential pour évaluer efficacement la capacité de stockage potentiel, assurer la sécurité du stockage et pour prédire le devenir à long terme du stockage du CO2 dans des aquifères salins. Le succès dépend de la mise au point et de l’application de méthodes de recherche appropriées. Cet article examine en conséquence les progrès réalisés dans les méthodes de recherche sur la migration biphasique du CO2/saumure. En raison du lien intrinsèque entre la migration et le piégeage du CO2 dans des aquifères salins, la prévision des processus de migration du CO2/saumure nécessite une compréhension précise des mécanismes de piégeage du CO2. Six mécanismes physiques ou géochimiques reconnus, y compris le piégeage structural et stratigraphique, le piégeage résiduel du gaz, le piégeage hydrodynamique, la solubilité, le piégeage capillaire local et le piégeage minéral, peuvent entraver ou empêcher la migration du CO2 en fonction de différentes variables dominantes, et par conséquence immobiliser le CO2 dans des formations de saumure à des échelles spatio-temporelles variables. Des expériences en laboratoire, le suivi à l’échelle de site et la modélisation numérique sont les principales approches utilisées dans les études de la migration multiphasique du CO2/saumure. Différentes techniques ont été conçues et développées au sein de chacun de ces méthodes en termes de conditions physiques et d’échelles spatiales pour les phénomènes de migration multiphasique. A cause des caractéristiques multi-échelles des processus de migration multiphasique du CO2/saumure et des complémentarités entre ces méthodes et techniques, différentes méthodes de recherche et techniques sont souvent utilisées de manière combinatoire. A partir d’une analyse systématique des limites et faiblesses, des améliorations sont recommandées qui pourraient potentiellement augmenter la précision, la fiabilité et l’applicabilité des approches.

Resumen

Entender los procesos de la migración multifásica CO2/salmuera es crítico para evaluar efectivamente la capacidad potencial de almacenamiento, confirmando la seguridad del almacenamiento, y prediciendo el destino a largo plazo del almacenamiento de CO2 en acuíferos salinos. El éxito depende del desarrollo y la aplicación de métodos apropiados de investigación. En ese sentido, este trabajo revisa el progreso realizado en los métodos de investigación sobre la migración bifásica CO2/salmuera. Debido al vínculo intrínseco entre la migración de CO2 y su captura en acuíferos salinos, la predicción de los procesos de migración de CO2/salmuera requiere un conocimiento exacto de los mecanismos de captura del CO2. Seis reconocidos mecanismos físicos o geoquímicos, incluyendo la captura estructural y estratigráfica, captura de gas residual, captura hidrodinámica, captura de solubilidad, captura local capilar y captura mineral pueden impedir o prevenir la migración de CO2 de acuerdo a las diferentes variables dominantes, y consecuentemente inmovilizar el CO2 en las formaciones de salmuera a distintas escalas de tiempo y espacio. Los experimentos de laboratorio, monitoreo en escala de campo y modelado computacional son los principales en los enfoques en los estudios sobre la migración multifásica de CO2/salmuera. Se han diseñado y desarrollado diferentes técnicas dentro de cada uno de estos métodos en términos de condiciones físicas y escalas espaciales de los fenómenos de migración multifásica. Debido a las características de los procesos de migración multifásica de CO2/salmuera y relaciones complementarias entre estos métodos y técnicas, diferentes métodos y técnicas de investigación son a menudo usados en combinación. Basado en un análisis sistemático de las limitaciones y debilidades, se recomiendan mejoras que podrían potencialmente incrementar la precisión, confiabilidad y aplicabilidad de los enfoques.

摘要

了解CO2/卤水多相迁移过程对有效地评估潜在存储能力、确保存储安全和预测咸水含水层内CO2存储的最终结局至关重要。成败取决于合适研究方法的开发和应用。因此,本文论述了CO2/卤水两相迁移研究方法上取得的进展。由于咸水含水层内CO2迁移和圈闭之间固有的联系,CO2/卤水迁移过程的预测需要精确了解CO2的圈闭机理。六个公认的物理和地球化学机理为结构和地层圈闭、残留气体圈闭、水动力圈闭、可溶性圈闭、局部毛细管圈闭及矿物圈闭,根据不同的主导变量,这些机理可以阻止或预防CO2迁移,从而使卤水层中的CO2在不同时间和空间尺度上停止迁移。室内试验、室外尺度的监测和概念模拟是研究CO2/卤水多相迁移的主要方法。根据多相迁移现象的物理状况和空间尺度,对这些方法中的每种方法都设计和开发了不同的技术。由于CO2/卤水多相迁移过程的多尺度特征和这些方法和技术间的互补关系,不同的研究方法和技术常常结合起来使用。在系统分析其局限性和缺点的基础上,提出了改进措施,这些改进措施能潜在地增加方法的准确性、可靠性和适用性。

Resumo

Compreender os processos de migração multifásica CO2/salmoura é fundamental para avaliar de forma eficaz a capacidade de armazenamento potencial, garantindo a segurança de armazenamento, e prevendo o destino a longo prazo do armazenamento de CO2 em aquíferos salinos. O sucesso depende do desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos de pesquisa apropriados. Este artigo revê, consequentemente, o progresso feito em métodos de pesquisa sobre migração bifásica CO2/salmoura. Devido à ligação intrínseca entre a migração de CO2 e o aprisionamento em aquíferos salinos, a previsão de processos de migração CO2/salmoura requere uma compreensão exata dos mecanismos de aprisionamento do CO2. Seis mecanismos físicos ou geoquímicos reconhecidos, incluindo aprisionamento estrutural e estratigráfico, aprisionamento de gás residual, aprisionamento hidrodinâmico, aprisionamento por solubilidade, aprisionamento capilar local e aprisionamento mineral, podem dificultar ou impedir a migração de CO2, de acordo com diferentes variáveis dominantes e, consequentemente, imobilizar CO2 em formações salgadas a escalas temporais e espaciais variadas. Experiências laboratoriais, monitorização em escala de campo e modelação computacional são as principais abordagens em estudos sobre migração multifásica CO2/salmoura. Diferentes técnicas têm sido concebidas e desenvolvidas dentro de cada um desses métodos em termos de condições físicas e escalas espaciais de fenómenos migratórios multifásicos. Devido às caraterísticas multi-escala de processos de migração multifásica CO2/salmoura e a relações de complementaridade entre esses métodos e técnicas, diferentes métodos e técnicas de investigação são muitas vezes utilizados em combinação. Com base numa análise sistemática das limitações e fraquezas são recomendados aperfeiçoamentos, o que poderia aumentar a precisão, confiabilidade e aplicabilidade das abordagens.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the anonymous reviewer and Prof. Jean-Michel Lemieux for their constructive comments, which greatly improved the clarity of our manuscript. This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51376033, 51206017, 41004031) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. DUT12JN13).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China

    Dayong Wang, Bo Dong, Minglong Zhao, Juan Qiao, Yu Liu, Yi Zhang & Yongchen Song

  2. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Stephen Breen

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Wang, D., Dong, B., Breen, S. et al. Review: Approaches to research on CO2/brine two-phase migration in saline aquifers. Hydrogeol J 23, 1–18 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1186-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1186-1

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