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Deep reaching fluid flow in the North East German Basin: origin and processes of groundwater salinisation

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Abstract

Major element chemistry, rare-earth element distribution, and H and O isotopes are conjointly used to study the sources of salinisation and interaquifer flow of saline groundwater in the North East German Basin. Chemical analyses from hydrocarbon exploration campaigns showed evidence of the existence of two different groups of brines: halite and halite Ca–Cl brines. Residual brines and leachates are identified by Br−/Cl− ratios. Most of the brines are dissolution brines of Permian evaporites. New analyses show that the pattern of rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY) are closely linked to H and O isotope distribution. Thermal brines from deep wells and artesian wells indicate isotopically evaporated brines, which chemically interacted with their aquifer environment. Isotopes and rare-earth element patterns prove that cross flow exists, especially in the post-Rupelian aquifer. However, even at depths exceeding 2,000 m, interaquifer flow takes place. The rare-earth element pattern and H and O isotopes identify locally ascending brines. A large-scale lateral groundwater flow has to be assumed because all pre-Rupelian aquifer systems to a depth of at least 500 m are isotopically characterised by Recent or Pleistocene recharge conditions.

Résumé

La chimie des ions majeurs, la distribution des éléments rares et les isotopes de l’hydrogène et de l’oxygène sont utilisés conjointement pour étudier l’origine de la salinité et les flux d’eaux salées inter-aquifères dans le Bassin Nord-Est Allemand. Les analyses chimiques effectuées à l’occasion de campagnes de prospection d’hydrocarbures ont démontré l’existence de deux différents groupes de saumures : les saumures chlorurées sodiques et les saumures chlorurées sodiques et calciques. Les saumures résiduelles et les lixiviats sont identifiés par leurs rapports Br−/Cl−. La plupart des saumures sont issues de la dissolution des évaporites permiennes. De nouvelles analyses montrent que la répartition des éléments en traces et de l’yttrium (REY) sont étroitement liés à la distribution des isotopes de l’hydrogène et de l’oxygène. Les isotopes dans les saumures thermales issues de puits profonds et de puits artésiens indiquent des saumures évaporées, qui interagissent avec leur environnement aquifère. La répartition des isotopes et des éléments en traces prouve que des écoulements croisés existent, notamment dans l’aquifère post-rupélien. Cependant, des échanges inter-aquifères se produisent même à des profondeurs supérieures à 2000 m. La distribution des éléments en traces et les isotopes de O et H permettent d’identifier les saumures localement ascendantes. On suppose également l’existence d’un écoulement latéral à grande échelle, car les abondances isotopiques dans tous les systèmes aquifères pré-rupéliens, dont le mur est profond de 500 m au minimum, mettent en évidence des conditions de réalimentation récentes ou datant du Pléistocène.

Resumen

La química de elementos mayores, la distribución de tierras raras y los isótopos de H y O han sido utilizados conjuntamente para el estudio de las fuentes de salinización y flujo entre acuíferos del agua subterránea salina en la Cuenca Noreste de Alemania. Análisis químicos de campañas de exploración de hidrocarburos mostraron evidencias de la existencia de dos grupos diferentes de salmueras: halita y halita Ca–Cl. Se han identificado salmueras residuales y lixiviados mediante la relación Br−/Cl−. La mayoría de las salmueras proceden de la disolución de evaporitas Pérmicas. Nuevos análisis muestran que el patrón de las tierras raras e Ytrio (REY) está directamente relacionado con la distribución isotópica de H y O. Salmueras termales procedentes de pozos profundos y pozos artesianos apuntan isotópicamente hacia salmueras evaporadas, que interactúan químicamente con el ambiente del acuífero. El modelo de isótopos y tierras raras prueba que existe un flujo cruzado, especialmente en el acuífero post-Rupeliano. Sin embargo, incluso a profundidades mayores de 2000 m, se produce un flujo entre acuíferos. La distribución de tierras raras y de los isótopos de H y O identifica localmente salmueras ascendentes. Se ha asumido un flujo lateral de agua subterránea a gran escala porque isotópicamente todos los sistemas acuíferos pre-Rupelianosse se caracterizan por condiciones de recarga recientes o Pleistocenas, hasta una profundidad de 500 m como mínimo.

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Acknowledgements

The German Science Foundation (DFG) supported this project as part of the SPP 1135 “Dynamics of Sedimentary Systems under Varying Stress Conditions by Example of the Central European Basin System”. We also acknowledge the help of the Geological Surveys of Berlin (SenStadt Berlin), Brandenburg (LGRB) and Saxony Anhalt (LAGB). We would like to thank the well maintenance companies of Bad Saarow, Bad Wilsnack, Belzig, Templin and Waren for access to their facilities. We gratefully acknowledge the critical comments of three anonymous reviewers.

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  1. Free University Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249, Berlin, Germany

    M. Tesmer, S. Wieland & A. Pekdeger

  2. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam 4.3, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    P. Möller

  3. Environmental Geology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus (BTU), E. Weinert Str. 1, 03046, Cottbus, Germany

    C. Jahnke & H. Voigt

  4. Department of Earth Science, Institute of Geological Sciences-Geochemistry, Hydrogeology, Mineralogy, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249, Berlin, Germany

    M. Tesmer

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Tesmer, M., Möller, P., Wieland, S. et al. Deep reaching fluid flow in the North East German Basin: origin and processes of groundwater salinisation. Hydrogeol J 15, 1291–1306 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0176-y

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