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A 5,600-year-old wooden well in Zhejiang Province, China

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Abstract

In 1973, traces of China’s early Neolithic Hemudu culture (7,000–5,000 BP) were discovered in the village of Hemudu in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province, in the lower Yangtze River coastal plain. The site has yielded animal and plant remains in large quantities and large numbers of logs secured with tenon and mortise joints, commonly used in wooden buildings and other wooden structures. For hydrogeologists, the most interesting structure is an ancient wooden well. The well is believed to be about 5,600 years old, which makes it the oldest wooden well yet found in China. The well site contains over 200 wooden components and can be divided into inner and outer parts. The outer part consists of 28 piles around a pond. The inner part, the wooden well itself, lies in the middle of the pond. The walls of the well were lined with close-set timber piles reinforced by a square wooden frame. The 28 piles in the outer part of the site may have been part of a shelter for the well, suggesting that the people of the Hemudu culture were already concerned with water hygiene and protection of their water source.

Résumé

En 1973, des vestiges de la culture néolithique chinoise Hemudu, vieille de 5000 à 7000 ans, ont été découverts dans le village de Hemudu, dans le Comté de Yuyao (Province du Zhejiang), sur la plaine littorale du cours inférieur de la rivière Yangtze. Le site a produit des restes animaux et végétaux en grandes quantités, et de nombreuses pièces de bois assemblées par tenons et mortaises, communément utilisés dans les bâtiments et autres structures en bois. Pour les hydrogéologues, la structure la plus intéressante est un ancien puits en bois. On estime son âge à environ 5,600 ans, ce qui en fait le plus ancien puits en bois retrouvé en Chine à l’heure actuelle. Le site du puits comporte plus de 200 éléments en bois, et peut être divisé en deux parties interne et externe. La partie externe est composée de 28 pieux ceinturant un étang. La partie interne, constituant le puits en lui-même, est située au milieu de l’étang. Les parois du puits sont recouvertes de pieux en bois jointifs, renforcés par une croisée en bois. Les 28 pieux de la partie externe du site composaient peut-être partiellement un abri pour le puits, suggérant ainsi que la culture Hemudu prenait déjà en considération l’hygiène et la protection de l’alimentation en eau.

Resumen

En 1973 se descubrieron trazas de la Cultura Hemudu del Neolítico Inferior (entre 7000 y 5000 BP) en el pueblo de Hemudu en el Condado Yuyao, Provincia de Zhejiang, en la llanura aluvial baja del Río Yangtze. El yacimiento ha revelado restos de animales y plantas en grandes cantidades y un buen número de troncos asegurados con espaldones y junturas con muescas, comúnmente usados en los edificios de madera y otras estructuras de madera. Para los hidrogeólogos, la estructura más interesante es un antiguo pozo de madera. Se cree que el pozo tiene alrededor de 5,600 años, lo cual lo convierte en el pozo de madera más antiguo encontrado en China. El yacimiento del pozo contiene unos 200 componentes de madera y se puede dividir en partes interiores y exteriores. La parte exterior consiste en 28 pilotes alrededor de un estanque. La parte interna, el pozo de madera en sí mismo, se encuentra a la mitad del estanque. Las paredes del pozo estaban revestidas con conjuntos de pilotes de madera unidos reforzadas con un marco cuadrado de madera. Los 28 montones en la parte exterior del yacimiento pueden haber sido parte de un sistema de protección para el pozo, sugiriendo que los habitantes de la Cultura Hemudu eran ya conscientes de la higiene del agua y la protección de su suministro de agua.

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Acknowledgements

Professor Renquan Zhang stimulated the author’s interest in ancient wells in China. The field trip to the Hemudu site was assisted by Mr Feijun Cui. The author would like to thank Professor Yang Hongxun for discussions on the age of the well and Dr David Wilmshurst for commenting on an early draft of this report. The comments from the Dr Yan Zheng were also appreciated. Mr Haipeng Guo and Mr Guoping Ding assisted in preparing diagrams.

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Correspondence to Jiu J. Jiao.

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Jiao, J.J. A 5,600-year-old wooden well in Zhejiang Province, China. Hydrogeol J 15, 1021–1029 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0157-6

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