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Accounting for Carbon Flux to Mycorrhizal Fungi May Resolve Discrepancies in Forest Carbon Budgets

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Abstract

Carbon (C) fluxes among different components of plant growth are important to forest ecosystem C cycling and are strongly influenced by species composition and resource availability. Although mycorrhizal fungi are crucial for nutrient acquisition and can receive a large fraction of annual net primary production, most studies do not explicitly include carbon flux to mycorrhizal fungi in ecosystem C budgets. We measured annual production of plant components (foliage, wood, fine roots) and mycorrhizal fungi across temperate forest stands varying in species composition. Production of mycorrhizal fungi was estimated using both mass balance and isotopic techniques. Total plant production varied from about 600 g C m−2 y−1 in nearly pure deciduous broadleaf stands down to about 300 g C m−2 y−1 in conifer-dominated stands. In contrast, the production of mycorrhizal fungi was highest in conifer-dominated stands, varying from less than 25 g C m−2 y−1 in deciduous broadleaf stands to more than 175 g C m−2 y−1 in nearly pure conifer stands. Isotopic data indicated that both tree species composition and ecosystem nitrogen (N) availability influenced rates of fungal production. The large investment in mycorrhizal fungi in low-N, conifer-dominated stands demonstrated that a full accounting of ecosystem carbon fluxes to plant and fungal components may help resolve current discrepancies observed in broadscale forest carbon budgets, especially across forest types.

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Acknowledgements

Thoughtful reviews by Michael Ryan, Rebecca Sanders-DeMott, Adrien Finzi, Gary Lovett, and Steve Frolking significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. Research at the Bartlett Experimental Forest is supported by the USDA Forest Service’s Northern Research Station. We acknowledge funding support from the following grants: National Science Foundation awards #DEB-1114804, #1638688, and #0614266; Northeastern States Research Cooperative #12DG11242307065; Hubbard Brook Long Term Ecological Research program, NSF 1114804; NH EPSCoR Program NSF Research Infrastructure Improvement Award # EPS 1101245; NASA Carbon Cycle Science Awards #NNX08AG14G and #NNX14AJ18G; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Award #NNX11AB88G; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire-Stennis Project (1006881). Partial funding was provided by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. We also acknowledge the staff at Bartlett Experimental Forest, in particular Chris Costello, and the invaluable assistance of numerous undergraduate students over the last 15 years.

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  1. Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA

    Andrew P. Ouimette, Scott V. Ollinger, Lucie C. Lepine, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur & Erik A. Hobbie

  2. Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA

    Ryan B. Stephens & Rebecca J. Rowe

  3. Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA

    Shersingh J. Tumber-Davila

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  1. Andrew P. Ouimette
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APO, SVO, EAH, LCL and MAV designed the study; RBS and RJR provided truffle abundance data; RBS, RJR, APO, SVO and EAH provided soil and root δ15N data from the truffle plots; LCL and SJT led field efforts for the collection of aboveground production and belowground fine root production, respectively. APO wrote the manuscript, with all authors contributing significantly to revisions.

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Ouimette, A.P., Ollinger, S.V., Lepine, L.C. et al. Accounting for Carbon Flux to Mycorrhizal Fungi May Resolve Discrepancies in Forest Carbon Budgets. Ecosystems 23, 715–729 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00440-3

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