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Evidence for the Spatial Self-organisation of Litter Patches in a Semi-arid Woodland

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Abstract

Spatial self-organisation of plants and soils is a typical feature of many systems. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain self-organised patterns, including scale-dependent feedbacks and disturbance recovery mechanisms. In semi-arid systems, there is limited evidence for the spatial self-organisation of leaf litter despite its obvious presence within self-organised vegetation patches. Here we provide field-based evidence for the spatial self-organisation of surface litter. We measured the cover, size distribution and spatial arrangement of perennial vegetation patches and surface litter patches in four vegetation communities in a semi-arid woodland, one of which had been cleared of trees 50 years previously. The effects of tree removal were still evident 50 years after clearing, with greater perennial patch cover and greater variability in surface litter arrangement in the cleared community than the uncleared analogue. Across all communities, we detected a high correlation between perennial patch cover and litter cover. We found no evidence to support scale-dependent feedbacks occurring between litter and perennial patches, with little relationship between perennial patch size and the strength of its association with litter. The distribution of litter patch sizes was consistent with a truncated power law relationship, suggesting that disturbance–recovery mechanisms may play an important role in the spatial self-organisation of litter, particularly through large-scale processes such as wind disturbance.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Fernando Maestre for his advice on LISA analyses, Angela Kenny and Alex James for their assistance with field work and Alan Kwok, Lixin Wang, Jose Facelli, Brandon Bestelmeyer and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts. We are grateful for the financial and logistical support provided by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy and to Matt Hayward, Joe Stephens, Jennifer Cathcart, Felicity L’Hotellier and staff at Scotia Sanctuary for their continued support and encouragement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia

    Samantha K. Travers & David J. Eldridge

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  1. Samantha K. Travers
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  2. David J. Eldridge
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Correspondence to Samantha K. Travers.

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Author contributions

SKT performed the research, analysed the data and primarily wrote the manuscript. DJE conceived and designed the study, contributed to data analysis and contributed to writing the manuscript.

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Travers, S.K., Eldridge, D.J. Evidence for the Spatial Self-organisation of Litter Patches in a Semi-arid Woodland. Ecosystems 18, 958–970 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9876-7

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