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Seasonal Variation in the Capacity for Plant Trait Measures to Predict Grassland Carbon and Water Fluxes

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Abstract

There is a need for accurate predictions of ecosystem carbon (C) and water fluxes in field conditions. Previous research has shown that ecosystem properties can be predicted from community abundance-weighted means (CWM) of plant functional traits and measures of trait variability within a community (FDvar). The capacity for traits to predict carbon (C) and water fluxes, and the seasonal dependency of these trait-function relationships has not been fully explored. Here we measured daytime C and water fluxes over four seasons in grasslands of a range of successional ages in southern England. In a model selection procedure, we related these fluxes to environmental covariates and plant biomass measures before adding CWM and FDvar plant trait measures that were scaled up from measures of individual plants grown in greenhouse conditions. Models describing fluxes in periods of low biological activity contained few predictors, which were usually abiotic factors. In more biologically active periods, models contained more predictors, including plant trait measures. Field-based plant biomass measures were generally better predictors of fluxes than CWM and FDvar traits. However, when these measures were used in combination traits accounted for additional variation. Where traits were significant predictors their identity often reflected seasonal vegetation dynamics. These results suggest that database derived trait measures can improve the prediction of ecosystem C and water fluxes. Controlled studies and those involving more detailed flux measurements are required to validate and explore these findings, a worthwhile effort given the potential for using simple vegetation measures to help predict landscape-scale fluxes.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the UK’s Natural Environment Research Council via the Centre for Population Biology and the ERASMUS Program of the EU. Thanks go to Antje Möhlmeyer, Sally Power, Nadine Prill, David Allen, Lena Everwand and Alex Hurst for support during data collection. Sarah Pierce and three anonymous reviewers provided advice and helpful comments on an earlier draft the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Georg Everwand.

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GE and PM conceived and designed the study; GE and EF collected the data; GE, EF and TE performed laboratory analyses; GE, TE and PM analysed data, GE and PM wrote the manuscript; all authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Everwand, G., Fry, E.L., Eggers, T. et al. Seasonal Variation in the Capacity for Plant Trait Measures to Predict Grassland Carbon and Water Fluxes. Ecosystems 17, 1095–1108 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9779-z

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