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Relationship of Salt Marsh Vegetation Zonation to Spatial Patterns in Soil Moisture, Salinity, and Topography

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Abstract

An intertidal San Francisco Bay salt marsh was used to study the spatial relationships between vegetation patterns and hydrologic and edaphic variables. Multiple abiotic variables were represented by six metrics: elevation, distance to major tidal channels and to the nearest channel of any size, edaphic conditions during dry and wet circumstances, and the magnitude of tidally induced changes in soil saturation and salinity. A new approach, quantitative differential electromagnetic induction (Q-DEMI), was developed to obtain the last metric. The approach converts the difference in soil electrical conductivity (ECa) between dry and wet conditions to quantitative maps of tidally induced changes in root zone soil water content and salinity. The result is a spatially exhaustive map of edaphic changes throughout the mapped area of the ecosystem. Spatially distributed data on the six metrics were used to explore two hypotheses: (1) multiple abiotic variables relevant to vegetation zonation each exhibit different, uncorrelated, spatial patterns throughout an intertidal salt marsh; (2) vegetation zones and habitats of individual plant species are uniquely characterized by different combinations of key metrics. The first hypothesis was supported by observed, uncorrelated spatial variability in the metrics. The second hypothesis was supported by binary logistic regression models that identified key vegetation zone and species habitat characteristics from among the six metrics. Based on results from 108 models, the Q-DEMI map of saturation and salinity change was the most useful metric of those tested for distinguishing different vegetation zones and plant species habitats in the salt marsh.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0634709 to Stanford University. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We thank the City of Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve and K. Brauman, M. Cardiff, S. Giddings, E. Hult, K. Knee, I. Lebron, and K. Tufano for field assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA

    Kevan B. Moffett & Steven M. Gorelick

  2. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK

    David A. Robinson

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  1. Kevan B. Moffett
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  2. David A. Robinson
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  3. Steven M. Gorelick
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Correspondence to Kevan B. Moffett.

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Author Contributions

DAR, SMG, and KBM conceived of and designed the study. DAR and KBM performed field work and processed the data. KBM and SMG developed the analytical methodology. KBM analyzed the data and wrote the article.

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Moffett, K.B., Robinson, D.A. & Gorelick, S.M. Relationship of Salt Marsh Vegetation Zonation to Spatial Patterns in Soil Moisture, Salinity, and Topography. Ecosystems 13, 1287–1302 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9385-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9385-7

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