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Sizing of nozzles, venturis, orifices, control and safety valves for initially sub-cooled gas/liquid two-phase flow – The HNE-DS method

Auslegung von Düsen, Venturis, Blenden, Stell- und Sicherheitsventilen für eingangs unterkühlte Gas-Flüssigkeits-Strömungen nach der HNE-DS Methode

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Abstract

Current standards for sizing nozzles, venturis, orifices, control and safety valves are based on different flow models, flow coefficients and nomenclature. They are generally valid only for single-phase gas and liquid flow. Common to all is the concept of one-dimensional nozzle flow in combination with a correction factor (e.g. the discharge coefficient) to correct for non-idealities of the three-dimensional flow. With the proposed partial non-equilibrium HNE-DS method an attempt is made to standardize all sizing procedures by an appropriate nozzle flow model and to enlarge the application range of the standards to two-phase flow. The HNE-DS method, which was first developed for saturated and non-flashing two-phase flow, is extended for initially sub-cooled liquids entering the throttling device. To account for non-equilibrium effects, i.e. superheated liquid due to rapid depressurisation, the non-equilibrium coefficient used in the HNE-DS method is adapted to those inlet flow conditions. A comparison with experimental data demonstrates the good accuracy of the model.

Zusammenfassung

Die derzeitigen Regelwerke zur Auslegung von Düsen, Venturies, Blenden, Stell- und Sicherheitsventilen basieren auf verschiedenen Strömungsmodellen, Durchflusskoeffizienten und sind mit verschiedenen Nomenklaturen beschrieben. Sie gelten nur für Einphasenströmung von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten. Gemeinsam ist den Modellen in den Regelwerken die Kombination aus einer idealisierten Düsenströmung und einem Korrekturfaktor (z.B. dem Ausflusskoeffizienten), um die Nicht-Idealitäten der dreidimensionalen realen Strömung zu korrigieren. Die neue HNE-DS Methode, ein Düsen-Strömungsmodell mit Gasen und Flüssigkeiten im partiellen Ungleichgewicht, erlaubt es, die bestehenden Auslegungsempfehlungen in den verschiedenen Regelwerken zu vereinheitlichen und gleichzeitig auf Zweiphasenströmungen zu erweitern. Die HNE-DS Methode, die zunächst für siedende und nicht-verdampfende Zweiphasenströmungen entwickelt worden ist, wird erweitert für anfangs unterkühlte Flüssigkeiten im Eintritt der Armaturen. Ungleichgewichtseffekte, beispielsweise die Überhitzung der Flüssigkeit bei schnellem Druckabfall, werden mit einem erweiterten Ungleichgewichtsfaktor im HNE-DS Modell berücksichtigt. Der Vergleich mit experimentellen Daten zeigt die gute Genauigkeit des Modells.

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  1. BASF AG, GCT/S-L511, Ludwigshafen, Germany

    J. Schmidt

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Schmidt, J. Sizing of nozzles, venturis, orifices, control and safety valves for initially sub-cooled gas/liquid two-phase flow – The HNE-DS method . Forsch Ingenieurwes 71, 47–58 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10010-006-0043-3

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