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Enhanced energy storage of alkali (Li, Na) titanates by sucrose carbonization

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Abstract

In this work, a simple and effective synthesis procedure was performed in order to prepare hybrid alkali titanate materials, as negative electrodes for lithium-ion battery applications. Lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and sodium titanates Na2Ti3O7 (NTO237) and Na2Ti6O13 (NTO2613) compounds were synthesized through a solid-state method; then a carbon coating was performed using sucrose impregnation followed by a dehydration step with strong acid medium, and finally calcined at high temperature. XRD and Raman spectroscopy analysis of the composites indicated that the strong acid medium in the carbonization step affects the titanate structure. A calcination temperature at 700 °C proved to be adequate to obtain the LTO/C material without significant changes and with a homogeneous carbon coating, so it was used to obtain further the hybrids NTO237/C and NTO2613/C materials. The carbon coating improved the good behavior obtained before in bare LTO compound about specific capacity for electric charge storage, but mainly produced huge improvements in the poor specific capacities observed for both bare NTO compounds. All the hybrid alkali titanates exhibited a great stability of charge/discharge cycling and a very good rate capability response, showing a robust behavior recovering the initial specific capacity at low rate after several discharge cycles at high rates (10 C). Such increase in the specific storage capacity in all hybrid alkali titanate materials is associated with the enhancement in the inter-particle connectivity generated by the carbonaceous coating.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr. Cecilia Blanco for her contribution in the analysis of the DRX patterns and language assistance from Javier H. Marín is also acknowledged. This work was performed at INFIQC-CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.

Funding

This work was supported by PIO 2015-0046 (CONICET-Fundación YPF 3855/15) PID 2011-0070, Program BID (PICT-2011-0754, 2012-2324), Program BID-Foncyt (PICT-2015-1605), SeCyT of the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (103/15), and YPF-Tecnología (Y-TEC) (2013/2015 and 2015/2016), Argentina. Susana Chauque wishes to thank CONICET for the doctoral fellowship.

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  1. S. Chauque

    Present address: Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Físico Química. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. INFIQC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina

    S. Chauque, F. Y. Oliva & O. R. Cámara

  2. Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. INFIQC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina

    G. Lener

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Chauque, S., Oliva, F.Y., Lener, G. et al. Enhanced energy storage of alkali (Li, Na) titanates by sucrose carbonization. J Solid State Electrochem 24, 1017–1032 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04567-5

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