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Storage performance of LiFe1 − x Mn x PO4 nanoplates (x = 0, 0.5, and 1)

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Abstract

Although LiFePO4 (LFP) is considered to be a potential cathode material for the lithium-ion batteries, its rate performance is significantly restricted by sluggish kinetics of electrons and lithium ions. Several attempts have been made so far to improve the performance of LiFePO4 by reducing the grain size, doping with aliovalent atoms, and coating conductive materials such as carbon or RuO2. We report here synthesis of LFP nanoplates by solvothermal method, tailoring the thickness as well as carbon coverage at surfaces to explore their influence on the storage performance. Due to the fact that Li+ ion diffuses along the b-axis, solvothermal method was aimed to control the thickness of nanoplates across the b-axis. We synthesized several nanoplates with various plate thicknesses along b-axis; among those, nanoplates of LFP with ∼30-nm-thick b-axis having thin (2–5 nm) and uniform layer of carbon coating exhibits high storage capacity as well as high rate performances. Thus, a favorable morphology for LiFePO4 has been achieved via solvothermal method for fast insertion/extraction of Li+ as compared to spherical nanoparticles of carbon-coated LFP. Galvanostatic cycling shows a capacity of 164 ± 5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate, 100 ± 5 mAh g−1 at 10 C rate, and 46 ± 5 mAh g−1 at 30 C rate, with excellent capacity retention of up to 50 cycles. Further attempts have been made to synthesize LiMnPO4 (LMP) as well as Li(Fe1 − x Mn x )PO4/C (x = 0.5) nanoplates using solvothermal method. Although LiMnPO4 does not exhibit high storage behavior comparable with that of LiFePO4, the mixed systems have shown an impressive storage performance.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Ministry of Education, Singapore, for funding through NUS FRC Grant No. R143-000-283-112 and FRC Grant No. R265-000-274-133. The authors also thank Dr. Nagarathinam Mangayarkarasi, NUS for their valuable comments, and Dr. Sudip Batabyal, Department of Chemistry, NUS for help in SEM analysis. Saravanan would like to thank NUS for the NUSNNI Graduate Scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore

    Kuppan Saravanan & Jagadese J. Vittal

  2. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore

    M. V. Reddy & B. V. R. Chowdari

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore

    Palani Balaya

Authors
  1. Kuppan Saravanan
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  2. Jagadese J. Vittal
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  3. M. V. Reddy
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  4. B. V. R. Chowdari
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  5. Palani Balaya
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Correspondence to Jagadese J. Vittal or Palani Balaya.

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Saravanan, K., Vittal, J.J., Reddy, M.V. et al. Storage performance of LiFe1 − x Mn x PO4 nanoplates (x = 0, 0.5, and 1). J Solid State Electrochem 14, 1755–1760 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-010-1031-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-010-1031-y

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