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Using eddy currents for noninvasive in vivo pH monitoring for bone tissue engineering

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Abstract

Purpose

The metabolic processes that regulate bone healing and bone induction in tissue engineering models are not fully understood. Eddy current excitation is widely used in technical approaches and in the food industry. The aim of this study was to establish eddy current excitation for monitoring metabolic processes during heterotopic osteoinduction in vivo.

Methods

Hydroxyapatite scaffolds were implanted into the musculus latissimus dorsi of six rats. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was applied 1 and 2 weeks after implantation. Weekly eddy current excitation measurements were performed. Additionally, invasive pH measurements were obtained from the scaffolds using fiber optic detection devices. Correlations between the eddy current measurements and the metabolic values were calculated.

Results

The eddy current measurements and pH values decreased significantly in the first 2 weeks of the study, followed by a steady increase and stabilization at higher levels towards the end of the study. The measurement curves and statistical evaluations indicated a significant correlation between the resonance frequency values of the eddy current excitation measurements and the observed pH levels (p = 0.0041).

Conclusions

This innovative technique was capable of noninvasively monitoring metabolic processes in living tissues according to pH values, showing a direct correlation between eddy current excitation and pH in an in vivo tissue engineering model.

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Conflict of interest

The authors negate any conflict of interest.

Source of funding

The authors negate any source of funding involved in this study.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the German Animal Welfare Act (Animal Experiment Permit: V312-72241.121-14 (12-1/11)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Campus Forschung, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany

    Benedicta E. Beck-Broichsitter

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 26, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Jörg Wiltfang & Stephan T. Becker

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Microwave Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany

    Frank Daschner & Reinhard Knöchel

  4. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 26, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    David W. Christofzik

Authors
  1. Benedicta E. Beck-Broichsitter
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  2. Frank Daschner
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  3. David W. Christofzik
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  4. Reinhard Knöchel
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  5. Jörg Wiltfang
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  6. Stephan T. Becker
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benedicta E. Beck-Broichsitter.

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Beck-Broichsitter, B.E., Daschner, F., Christofzik, D.W. et al. Using eddy currents for noninvasive in vivo pH monitoring for bone tissue engineering. Oral Maxillofac Surg 19, 55–60 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-014-0453-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-014-0453-6

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