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Primäre Osteoblastenreaktionen auf SLA- und mikrostrukturierten Implantatoberflächen

Osteoblast reaction on SLA and microgrooved implant surfaces

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Zusammenfassung

Der Osseointegrationsprozess von dentalen Implantaten hängt von der Gewebereaktion an der Implantatgrenzschicht ab. Deren Art und Kinetik werden entscheidend durch das Verhalten von Osteoblasten, die den dynamischen Prozess der Knochenbildung steuern, gegenüber der Oberflächenstruktur beeinflusst. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Knochenzellreaktionen auf verschiedenen Implantatoberflächen (glatt, mikrostrukturiert, SLA-behandelt) standardisiert zu untersuchen. Primäre bovine Osteoblasten dienten als Kulturmodell. Als Parameter der Zellreaktion wurden die Anheftungskinetik, die Anheftungsstärke, das Proliferationsverhalten sowie die Synthese knochenspezifischer Proteine der Osteoblasten quantitativ determiniert. Es zeigten sich eine bessere Anheftung der Zellen, eine höhere primäre Anheftungsstärke, eine bessere Zellproliferation sowie eine höhere Synthese knochenspezifischer Proteine auf mikrostrukturierten gegenüber SLA-Oberflächen. In rasterelektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen wiesen die Zellen auf glatten und mikrostrukturierten Oberflächen eine osteoblastäre Phänotypie auf, während auf SLA-Oberflächen auch fibroblastäre Zellen vorhanden waren. Folglich determiniert die Art der Oberfläche das Verhalten von Osteoblasten. Eine optimierte Zellreaktion findet sich auf den Oberflächen, die in der Mikroumgebung von Zellen als glatt erscheinen.

Abstract

The osseointegration process of dental implants depends on the tissue reaction at the tissue-implant interface. Osteoblasts are the main cells responsible for the regulation of osteoinduction. The manner and kinetics of the tissue reaction crucially depend on the interaction between osteoblasts and the morphology of the implant surface. The aim of this study was to investigate osteoblast behaviour on different implant surfaces (smooth, microgrooved, SLA) under standardized conditions. For this in vitro investigation we used primary bovine osteoblasts. Attachment kinetics, proliferation rate and synthesis of bone-associated proteins were used as parameters for cell reaction. The results demonstrate that both attachment and adhesion strength of the primary cell surface interaction was higher on the microgrooved surfaces than on SLA surfaces. The proliferation rate of cells and the synthesis of bone-specific proteins were higher on microgrooved surfaces in contrast to SLA surfaces. Ultrastructural analysis revealed phenotypic osteoblast-like cells on smooth and microgrooved surfaces, whereas cells on SLA surfaces showed a more fibroblastic appearance. This study demonstrates that the morphology of the implant surface determined the subsequent osteoblast reaction. An optimal cell reaction was found at surfaces which are smooth in the microenvironment of osteoblasts.

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Fillies, T., Wiesmann, H.P., Sommer, D. et al. Primäre Osteoblastenreaktionen auf SLA- und mikrostrukturierten Implantatoberflächen . Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 9, 24–28 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-004-0584-2

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