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Tierexperimentelle Evaluation des periimplantären Knochens bei zylindrischen gegenüber konischen Implantattypen

Peri-implant bone formation around cylindrical and conical implant systems

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Behandlung von Patienten mit sofort oder früh belastbaren Implantaten hat das Interesse an dem Verhalten des Knochenlagers nach der Insertion des Implantates neu geweckt. Während bekannt ist, dass mechanische Einflüsse das Knochenremodeling an der Grenzfläche determinieren, bestehen Kontroversen, ob das Implantatdesign einen Einfluss auf die Ausprägung des periimplantären Knochenlagers besitzt. Ziel der Studie war es daher, die periimplantäre Knochenformation eines zylindrischen (ITI) und konischen (ILI) Implantates unabhängig von mechanischen Einflussfaktoren in vivo zu untersuchen.

Material und Methode

Dazu wurden 60 Implantate (30 ITI- und 30 ILI-Implantate) in die kranialen und kaudalen Tibiadiaphysen von acht Göttinger Minischweinen inseriert. Die Tiere wurden nach 7 und 28 Tagen (jeweils 4 Tiere) getötet und die implantatbesetzten Knochenproben für die verschiedenen Untersuchungen explantiert.

Ergebnisse

Histologische und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten eine direkte Anlagerung von mineralisierter Extrazellulärmatrix im kortikalen und spongiösen Knochenanteil in der Frühphase nach Einbringung des Implantats. Während das knöcherne Interface bei den konischen Implantaten den krestalen Anteil während des Untersuchungszeitraumes mit einbezog, zeigte sich bei den zylindrischen Implantaten sowohl nach 7 und 28 Tagen ein schmaler Spalt nicht ossifizierenden Gewebes.

Schlussfolgerung

Unsere Untersuchungen unterstützen die Hypothese, dass die Ausformung des krestalen periimplantären Knochens vom Implantatdesign abhängig ist.

Abstract

Background

The treatment of patients with early or immediately loaded dental implants has renewed interest in the behavior of osseointegration at the implant surface. Whereas it is generally accepted that peri-implant tissue formation and mineralization are dependent on the local mechanical environment in the interface zone, controversies exist concerning the impact of implant design on peri-implant bone formation. The aim of the present study was the in vivo evaluation of peri-implant bone formation by two different implant systems: cylindrical (ITI) versus conical (ILI).

Material and method

A total of 60 implants (30 ITI and 30 ILI) were placed in the cranial and caudal part of the tibia of eight Göttinger minipigs. Half of the minipigs were sacrificed at 7 days and 28 days of osseointegration. Implant-containing bone specimens were prepared for histological and ultrastructural investigations.

Results

Histological and scanning electron-microscopic investigations showed a direct contact of bone-like minerals over the whole implant surface from day 7 of implant/bone interaction. Whereas the ILI implant showed direct contact up to the top of the crestal bone, ITI implants demonstrated a crestally located narrow gap without ossification over the whole experimental period.

Conclusion

Our investigations support the hypothesis of an implant design-inherent emergence and maintenance of crestal bone.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund- und Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie, Universität Münster

    A. Büchter, J. Kleinheinz, H.-P. Wiesmann, L. Seper, U. Joos & U. Meyer

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund- und Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie, Universität Münster, Waldeyerstraße 30, 48129, Münster

    A. Büchter

Authors
  1. A. Büchter
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  2. J. Kleinheinz
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  3. H.-P. Wiesmann
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  4. L. Seper
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  5. U. Joos
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  6. U. Meyer
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Correspondence to A. Büchter.

Additional information

Wir danken Herrn Martin Bühner bei der Unterstützung zur Durchführung der rasterelektronenmikroskopischen Bilder und den Firmen Straumann GmbH und Medartis AG zur Bereitstellung der verwandten Implantate.

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Büchter, A., Kleinheinz, J., Wiesmann, HP. et al. Tierexperimentelle Evaluation des periimplantären Knochens bei zylindrischen gegenüber konischen Implantattypen. Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 8, 282–288 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-004-0557-5

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